1. 2015 Topic Lecture Overview of the 2015-2016 High School Debate Topic

2. Lecture Breakdown Introduction and Topic Wording Possible Affirmatives – Policy Stuff Possible Affirmatives – Critical Stuff

3. Introduction and Topic Wording

4. 2015-2016 Topic Resolved: The United States Federal Government should substantially curtail its domestic surveillance.

5. 2015-2016 Topic Resolved: The United States Federal Government should substantially curtail its domestic surveillance.

6. Curtail Narrow – Reduce/Decrease “to cut short; cut off a part of; abridge; reduce; diminish” (Dictionary.com) – Eliminate “to discontinue, in whole or in part, the execution of a program, resulting in the application of less budget authority” (Demling, 1978) Broad – Restrict “Reduce in extent or quantity; impose a restriction on” (Oxford Dictionary)

7. Domestic Surveillance

8. Domestic – “of, relating to, or made in your own country” (Merriam-Webster) Surveillance – “the act of carefully watching someone or something especially in order to prevent or detect a crime” (Merriam-Webster)

9. Domestic Surveillance “When we use the word “surveillance” we often forget how amazingly diverse the forms, linkages, and processes captured by the word are. That surveillance is a signifier referring to face-to-face supervision, camera monitoring, TV watching, paparazzi stalking, GPS tailing, cardiac telemonitoring, the tracking of commercial/internet transactions, the tracing of tagged plants and animals, etc., points to an impossible and always receding signified.” (Walby, 2005)

10. Domestic Surveillance “When we use the word “surveillance” we often forget how amazingly diverse the forms, linkages, and processes captured by the word are. That surveillance is a signifier referring to face-to-face supervision, camera monitoring, TV watching, paparazzi stalking, GPS tailing, cardiac telemonitoring, the tracking of commercial/internet transactions, the tracing of tagged plants and animals, etc., points to an impossible and always receding signified.” (Walby, 2005)

11. Domestic Surveillance “Domestic surveillance is a subset of intelligence gathering. Intelligence, as it is to be understood in this context, is information that meets the stated or understood needs of policy makers and has been collected, processed and narrowed to meet those needs. In essence, domestic surveillance is a means to an end; the end being intelligence. The intelligence community best understands domestic surveillance as the acquisition of nonpublic information concerning United States persons” (Small, 2008).

12. Domestic Surveillance “Domestic surveillance is a subset of intelligence gathering. Intelligence, as it is to be understood in this context, is information that meets the stated or understood needs of policy makers and has been collected, processed and narrowed to meet those needs. In essence, domestic surveillance is a means to an end; the end being intelligence. The intelligence community best understands domestic surveillance as the acquisition of nonpublic information concerning United States persons” (Small, 2008).

13. Brief History of Surveillance 9/11 – changed the security dynamic for the way that we understand domestic surveillance measures DHS – established November 25, 2002 – ‘stove-piping’ – Intel sharing PATRIOT Act

14. USA Freedom Act – the Bad Ambiguity of language – Words like “collect” and “target” have meanings for the NSA that no ordinary person would use. Words like “relevant” have been stretched far beyond any reasonable interpretation… the term “direct connection” is undefined. Some have noted that the government could interpret “direct connection” to include the physical proximity of two mobile devices, or being in someone’s address book, since both might be called “direct”… (Cohn) It’s the NSA…

15. PART II – Affs and Advantages

16. “We are living in an age of surveillance” Incremental loss of privacy – “But I’ve got nothing to hide!” – Chilling Effect – Freedom/Democracy Impacts

17. FISA Reform Counterterrorism – Questionable effectiveness Section 702 Reform – Close the “backdoor” loophole FISC Reform – Extends beyond Section 702 – Privacy Advocate

18. Privacy – Core advantage – Fundamental societal value – National Security State

19. NSA Reform “Rogue Agency” NSA Surveillance Programs – Metadata (Section 215) – PRISM/Electronic Content Collection (Section 702) – Project Bullrun

20. Postal Service Metadata Collection Metadata Collection – Mail Isolation Control and Tracking Program – Mail Covers Frequent Use Misuse/Abuse Reforms – Judicial Oversight

21. Drones Drone Surveillance – FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012 – Advanced surveillance technology Lack of privacy safeguards Public Safety Reforms – FAA Guidelines – Congressional regulations

22. Border Surveillance Surveillance operations – Drones – Border Patrol “Border Zone” Privacy/Rights Concerns – Checkpoints/roving patrols/warrantless searches – Misuse/Abuse Border Militarization – “Low intensity war zone” Reforms – Reduce the “100 mile” rule

23. Terrorism Surveillance Data – Data collection, coordination, and analysis – Oversaturation of information - needle in the haystack – Lone wolf vs organizational Reforms – Targeted Surveillance vs Mass Surveillance – Data Surveillance

24. Part III – Critical Affs

25. Part IV – Critical Affs Foucault Security Anti-blackness Genealogy

26. Michel Foucault French philosopher – Influential theories on power and knowledge Surveillance – Disciplinary Power – Biopower Panopticism

27. Panopticon Design

28. Foucault & Domestic Surveillance Relationship to the topic – Abundance of ways to deploy Foucault on this topic Metadata/Content Collection Drones Resources – Michel Foucault, Discipline & Punish: The Birth of the Prison – William Staples, Everyday Surveillance: Vigilance and Visibility in Postmodern Life

29. Security “You have no civil liberties if you are dead” – Sen. Pat Roberts Risk Exaggeration Threat Construction/Self- Fulfilling Prophecies

30. Anti-blackness History of surveilling communities of color – FBI – COINTELPRO – Civil Rights Movement Baltimore surveillance – Fleet of FBI surveillance planes Disproportionate Surveillance – Government Aid – Traffic Surveillance

31. Genealogy Genealogical Investigation Origin of the American Surveillance State – Colonial practices in the Philippines – Shaped our surveillance policies throughout the 20 th Century and beyond