1. Terrific Tuesday, March 30 th Take your seat Take out your homework Begin Warm-Up Warm – Up On a spring evening in the early 1930’s during the Great Depression, you are one of thousands of Germans gathered at an outdoor stadium in Munich. You are unemployed; your country is suffering. Like everyone else you have come to this mass meeting to hear two politicians campaigning for office. Huge speakers blare out patriotic music, while you and the rest of the crowd wait impatiently for the speeches to begin. Before long you will have to cast your ballot Who would you vote for? Why? 1 st candidates Platform Remember Germany’s long and glorious past Our present leadership is indecisive; we need a strong effective leader Rebuild the army to protect against enemies Regain the lands taken unfairly from us Make sacrifices to return to economic health Put the welfare of the state above all, and our country will be powerful again 2 nd candidates Platform There are no simple or quick solutions to problems Put people back to work, but economic recovery will be slow Provide for the poor, elderly, and sick Avoid reckless military spending Act responsibly to safeguard democracy Be a good neighbor country honor our debts and treaty commitments

2. Today’s Agenda Warm-Up Dictator Chart – Mussolini Document Discussions Homework: – Read, Mark and annotate Docs. – Copy FN: The Rise of Hitler and the Nazis

3. Today’s Standard 10.7 Students analyze the rise of totalitarian governments after World War I. 3.Analyze the rise, aggression, and human costs of totalitarian regimes (Fascist and Communist) in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union, noting especially their common and dissimilar traits.

4. Italian Fascism

5. Immediate Post-WW I Italy Fascism was a product anxiety and fear among the middle class of post-war Italy:  Fears regarding the survival of capitalism.  Economic depression.  The rise of militant groups.  A feeling of national shame and humiliation because of the Treaty of Versailles

6. Crisis Leads to Fascism Worldwide depression  millions lost faith in democracy Fascism: loyalty to state & obedience to leader, extreme nationalism, one-party rule Fascist promise – revive economy, punish those responsible, restore national pride

7. The Fasces Symbol Comes from the Latin word fasces. In ancient Rome, the fasces were cylindrical bundles of wooden rods, tied tightly together around an axe. They symbolize unity and power.

8. The Rise of Mussolini

9. Mussolini Comes to Power Mussolini: Promises to rescue economy & rebuild army 1919: Founded Fascist Party Black Shirts wage terror 1921 election  Fascists included on ballot they win 35 seats. October, 1922  Mussolini threatened a coup d’etat.  “March on Rome”  25,000 Black Shirts staged demonstrations throughout the capital.

10. Mussolini Forms a Government King Victor Emmanuel III makes Mussolini Prime Minister Giving Mussolini the power to lead Italy 1925  Mussolini seized dictatorial powers during a political crisis Black Shirts murdered one of Mussolini’s chief Socialist critics, Giacomo Matteotti.

11. Mussolini Consolidate Power (1925-1931) New laws passed to create a single-party state:  Independent political parties & trade unions were abolished.  Strict Censorship for press and radio.  Special courts created to persecute any political opposition.  National police force created  with a secret police component.

12. A Young Benito Mussolini

13. Mussolini in the early part of his dictatorship

14. Mussolini the Orator

15. The Characteristics of Fascism

16. Powerful and continuing nationalism. Subordination to the State State Worship The Myth of Rebirth Militarism Rampant Sexism Enemies are used as Scapegoats

17. No Recognition of Human Rights Religion & Government are Intertwined Disdain for Intellectuals & for the Arts Government Corruption Fraudulent Elections Controlled Mass Media Labor Power is Suppressed The Characteristics of Fascism

18. Images of Fascism Jews Are the Enemy! “War is to man what Maternity is to Women” Mussolini Some nice rules for a fascist society: Women should not work for a living Women should not wear trousers Women should not wear makeup Women should not wear high-heeled shoes Women should not dye or perm their hair Women should not go on slimming diets

19. Mussolini Was Hitler’s Role Model