1. What do we do with this Latin Part of Speech ( PoS )? Latin to English

2. Verbs: Latin to English 1--Look the Verb up and obtain its Principle Parts (PP#). 2--What does the Verb mean in English? (“to…”) 3--What Conjugation (PoS) is the verb? 4--Where is the chart for that Conjugation (PoS)? 5--On the chart, where do I see this Stem and Ending? Under what VMTNP? 6--Now forget Latin and focus on English. Put the English infinitive (#2 above) into the VMTNP (#5 above). --It’s a little easier if you do it backwards: convert the NP into a Pronoun; and then adjust the Verb for TMV.

3. Verbs: English to Latin 1--What do I want to say in English? ID the VMTNP of the English verb. 2--Look up the Verb in Latin and obtain its Principle Parts (PP#). 3--What Conjugation (PoS) is the verb? 4--Where is the chart for that Conjugation (PoS)? 5--On the chart, what Stem does this VMT use? 6--On the chart, what Ending does this VMTNP use? 7--Put the Ending on the Stem.

4. Nouns: Latin to English 1--Look up the dictionary entry: --What is the Nominative Singular? --What is the Genitive Singular? --What is the Gender of the Noun? --What does the Noun mean in English? 2--What is the Declension the Noun? [Add the G for a PoS.] 3--Where is the chart for that PoS? 4--What is the Stem of the Noun; and what Ending is on it? 5--On the chart, where does that Ending appear? --If it appears ONCE, what is the NC for that Ending? --If it appears MORE than once, what are the possible NCs for that Ending? Use the context of the sentence to choose ONE. 6--Now forget Latin and focus on the English. Put the English Noun into the NC (#5).

5. Nouns: English to Latin 1--What is the NC of the English Noun? 2--Look up the dictionary entry: --What is the Nominative Singular? --What is the Genitive Singular? --What is the Gender of the Noun? 3--What is the Declension of the Noun? [Add the G for a PoS.] 4--Where is the chart for that Declension-and-Gender (PoS)? 5--What is the Stem of the Noun? 6--On the chart, which Ending does this GNC use? 7--Put the Ending on the Stem. Note that if you are translating INTO a Nominative Singular or a Genitive Singular, you might suddenly be done in Step #2!

6. Adjectives: Latin to English 1--Look up the dictionary entry: --What does the Adjective mean in English? 2--What is the Declension (PoS) of the Adjective? --If it goes “ -us/-a/-um ” it’s an Adj1/2. --If it goes “-???, -is ” it’s an Adj3. 3--What Noun does the Adjective describe? 4--What is the Gender, Number and Case of that Noun? 5--Now forget Latin and focus on English. Put the English Adjective into the NC (#6). Check your answer: 6--Where is the chart for the Adjective’s PoS? 7--What is the Stem of the Adjective; and what Ending is on it? --On the Chart, what GNC does this Ending indicate? Does it match the Noun’s GNC?

7. Adjectives: English to Latin 1--What Latin Noun does the Adjective describe? 2--ID the GNC of that Noun. 3--Look up the dictionary entry for the Adjective. What is the Declension (PoS) of the Adjective? --If it goes “ -us/-a/-um ” it’s an Adj1/2. --If it goes “-???, -is ” it’s an Adj3. 3--Where is the chart for that Adjective Declension (PoS)? 4--What is the Stem of the Adjective? 5--On the chart, what Ending does the Adjective use for this GNC (#2)? 6--Put the Ending on the Stem.

8. Prepositions SPPACED = ABL Super/In/Sub = ABL/ACC ALL ELSE = ACC What do we do with Prepositions? --For Latin to English, ID the Case the Preposition takes. --For English to Latin, just make sure to decline the Noun into the Preposition’s Case. MAIN IDEA: a Preposition imposes a Case on a Noun.

9. Pronouns: Latin to English 1--Skim the Pronoun charts to ID the KIND of Pronoun. 2--Using the chart for that KIND, ID the GNC. 3--Analyze the KIND of Pronoun. --Where does this KIND of Pronoun get its GNC? --What does this KIND of Pronoun mean in English? 4--Adjust the English meaning to reflect the GNC. Isn’t this just a fancy way of saying “Look it up?” Yes. What if I just type the Latin Pronoun into a search of the notes PDF ? That will work fine, except for the Possessive Pronouns, which I didn’t type out.

10. Pronouns: English to Latin 1--ID the LATIN Antecedent and its GNC. 2--ID the C of the Pronoun. What job will it do? --Will the Pronoun describe another Noun, too? --Will it start a new clause, introduce a question, etc.? 3--Consulting the Pronoun notes and charts, select the KIND of Pronoun. Analyze the KIND. --Where does this KIND of Pronoun get its GNC? --From the Noun it replaces (represents)? --From another Noun it describes? 4--Based on KIND, take G, N and C from the Noun replaced, the Noun described, and/or the Pronoun’s own situation (C). 5--On the chart for the KIND of Pronoun, locate the Pronoun in that GNC.

11. Everything else, just look up. Happily, the remaining four PoS don’t Conjugate or Decline. No special endings! Interjections Interrogatives Adverbs Conjunctions ! ? &