1. Stage 16 Pluperfect Tense Latin II Week 10 Day 1 Spring 2009

2. The pluperfect tense is a past tense. It is a verb that takes place in the past BEFORE another past action: two past actions, one takes place before the other

3. For Example: Quintus had escaped from Pompeii before Mt. Vesuvius was able to destroy him. had escaped = pluperfect was able = imperfect

4. For Example: The Cantiaci ship sank beneath the waves because Belimicus had ignored the rocks hidden under the sea. had ignored = pluperfect sank= perfect

5. Both actions took place in the past. However, one action took place before the other action. The pluperfect tense is always the earlier of the two actions.

6. To form the pluperfect tense in Latin, you must:

7. Look at the 4 principle parts of a particular verb: ago, agere, egi, actus sum, esse, fui, futurus

8. 1. Take the 3 rd principle part of the verb: ie. egi ie. fui 2. Remove the –i at the end of the word

9. Now add the Pluperfect Endings: -eram -eras -erat -eramus -eratis -erant

10. For example: eg + eram eg + eras eg + erat eg + eramus eg + eratis eg + erant

11. Translation: egeram - I had done egeras - you had done egerat - he had done egeramus - we had done egeratis - you all had done egerant - they had done

12. For example: fu + eram fu + eras fu + erat fu + eramus fu + eratis fu + erant

13. Translation: fueram - I had been fueras - you had been fuerat - he had been fueramus - we had been fueratis - you all had been fuerant - they had been

14. Conjugate into the pluperfect tense: pono, ponere, posui tollo, tollere, sustuli derideo, deridere, derisi navigo, navigare, navigavi

15. posueram posueras posuerat posueramus posueratis posuerant

16. posueram – I had placed posueras – you had placed posuerat – he had placed posueramus – we had placed posueratis – you all had placed posuerant – they had placed

17. sustuleram sustuleras sustulerat sustuleramus sustuleratis sustulerant

18. sustuleram – I had raised sustuleras – you had raised sustulerat – he had raised sustuleramus – we had raised sustuleratis – you all had raised sustulerant – they had raised

19. deriseram deriseras deriserat deriseramus deriseratis deriserant

20. deriseram – I had mocked deriseras – you had mocked deriserat – he had mocked deriseramus – we had mocked deriseratis – you all had mocked deriserant – they had mocked

21. navigaveram navigaveras navigaverat navigaveramus navigaveratis navigaverant

22. navigaveram – I had sailed navigaveras – you had sailed navigaverat – he had sailed navigaveramus – we had sailed navigaveratis – you all had sailed navigaverant – they had sailed

23. Now conjugate the following: pereo, perire, perii punio, punire, punivi verto, vertere, verti aedifico, aedificare, aedificavi consentio, consentire, consensi delecto, delectare, delectavi dimitto, dimittere, dimisi effugio, effugere, effugi

24. FINIS