1. GRANDORDER UNGULATA ORDERS: Condylarthra extinct ancestral Mesonychia ungulates Perissodactyla “odd-toed” ungulates Artiodactyla “even-toed” ungulates Litopterna Notoungulata Pyrotheria extinct South American Xenungulata ungulates Astrapotheria Tubulidentata - aardvark Proboscidea – elephants “subungulate” Hyracoidea – hyraxes orders Sirenia – manatees/dugongs Cetacea whales

2. PLACENTAL PHYLOGENY (nuclear genes)

3. 1 species

4. 3 genera, 6 species

5. PROBOSCIDEAN PHYLOGENY

6. DEINOTHERIDAE

7. GOMPHOTHERIIDAE Gomphotherium Platybelodon

8. MASTODONTIDAE Mammut

9. ELEPHANTIDAE

10. PROBOSCIDEAN TEETH ELEPHANT MASTODON

12. 2 species (1 extinct) 3 species

14. Arctocyon Sinonyx ORDER MESONYCHIA

15. Pachyaena Diatryma

16. ORDER MESONYCHIA

22. CETACEAN PHYLOGENY

24. SUBORDER ODONTOCETI

25. 17 genera, 32 species

27. 4 genera, 6 species

28. 4 genera, 5 species

29. 2 genera, 2 species

30. 6 genera, 19 species

31. 2 genera, 3 species

32. SUBORDER MYSTICETI

33. 2 genera, 3 species 1 species

34. 2 genera, 6 species

35. ODONTOCETES MYSTICETES SIZE mostly small (<5 m) large males > females in size females > males VOCALIZATION high-frequency sounds low-frequency (some) echolocation communication & communication DIET vertebrates filter-feeding MOVEMENTS mainly local migratory Physeter migratory SOCIAL STRUCTURE variable in both groups, including harem polygyny, small female kin groups, seasonal migratory groups.