1. Answers for Transcription 1.DNA acts as a template to make the RNA molecule. 2.Describe 3 ways RNA and DNA differ. 1.) the sugar in RNA is ribose instead of deoxyribose 2.) RNA is generally single stranded 3.) RNA contains uracil in place of Thymine 3.If the DNA molecule has the base adenine, the RNA molecule will have the base uracil. 4.If the DNA molecule has the base thymine, the RNA molecule will have the base adenine. 5.If the DNA molecule has the base cytosine, the RNA molecule will have the base guanine. 6.If the DNA molecule has the base guanine, the RNA molecule will have the base cytosine. 7.Transcription occurs in the nucleus of cells. A T G A C G A C T U U U A A C C G G Original DNA messenger RNA

2. Translation

3. The decoding of an mRNA message into a polypeptide chain (protein) is known as translation Translation takes place on ribosomes To follow are the steps of translation

4. A.) Before translation occurs, mRNA is transcribed from DNA in the nucleus and released in the cytoplasm

5. B.) Translation begins when mRNA attaches to a ribosome. As each codon of mRNA moves through the ribosome, the proper amino acid is brought into the ribosome by tRNA. The amino acid is transferred to the growing polypeptide chain

6. B.) Each tRNA carries one kind of amino acid. The tRNA molecule also has three unpaired bases. These bases are called anticodon and are complementary to one mRNA codon.

7. C.) This process works like an assembly line. The ribosome forms a bond between the amino acids. At the same time it breaks the bond held the first tRNA to its amino acid and releases the tRNA molecule. The ribomsome then moves to the next codon

8. D.) The polypeptide chain continues to grow until the ribosome reaches the stop codon on the mRNA molecule. It then releases the newly formed polypeptide and mRNA molecule

9. Review DNA and RNA are like two different plans that builders use. –DNA serves as the “master plan” that contains all the information needed to build. The master plan can never be lost –RNA serves as inexpensive, disposable copies of the master plan called “blue prints”

10. mRNA? Amino Acids?

11. Single Strand of DNA TACGCAATC mRNA? AUGCGUUAG mRNA codons? AUG-CGU-UAG Amino Acids? Met-Arg-Stop

13. On translation notes: Glue the copy of the codon keys into your notes. Use the key for the following: Identify the three amino acids being coded for by the strand of mRNA. Copy the mRNA into your notebook and answer. A U G A C G C G U Isoleucine Aspartic acid Alanine

14. On page 55 of your spiral… WordDefinition in own wordsPicture Double Helix Nucleotide Nitrogen Base Replication Transcription Codon Translation Anticodon Ribosome Amino Acid Protein