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Published byMaud Norman Modified over 9 years ago
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SPREAD OF DISEASE
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SOURCES OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES The source of a disease is known as a reservoir. A reservoir can be anything: inanimate object, person, animal, plant, etc. The reservoir of a disease is not necessarily affected by the disease
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CARRIER The most important type of reservoir in human disease is known as a carrier. A carrier is a person who carries (is infected by) a communicable disease A carrier of a disease may not have symptoms
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ANIMAL RESERVOIR - FYI A zoonosis is a communicable disease which is transmitted from a non-human animal to a human. Here the non-human animal is the reservoir. About 150 zoonotic human disease are known. Examples: anthrax, bubonic plague, cat-scratch fever, influenza, Lyme disease, malaria, pneumonic plague, psittacosis, rabies, ringworm, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, tapeworm, toxoplasmosis, typhus fever, western equine encephalitis, yellow fever.
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ENDOGENOUS INFECTION - FYI An endogenous infection is one which is caused by an opportunistic pathogen from an individual's own normal microbiota. Typically this is a consequence either of the individual being in a weakened state, or in the opportunist being deposited in a location other than that in which it typically benignly resides.
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TRANSMISSION OF DISEASE There are three main ways in which diseases are transmitted Contact Vehicle Vector
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CONTACT Diseases can be spread by direct contact (person to person), indirect contact (doorknob), or by droplets (released into the air when sneezing)
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VEHICLE A vehicle is something that is taken into the body as part of living (food, water, air) When contaminated, these things can cause disease
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VECTOR Vectors are organisms that transmit infections from one host to another They are usually insects
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DISEASE CLASSIFICATION Endemic Common Source Outbreak Epidemic Pandemic
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ENDEMIC DISEASE - FYI An endemic disease is one that is always present in a population
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COMMON SOURCE OUTBREAK Some diseases arise from a single definable source, such as a common water supply.
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EPIDEMIC An epidemic disease is a disease that many people acquire over a short period
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PANDEMIC A pandemic disease is a world- wide epidemic disease
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PRIMARY SOURCE http://www.mansfield.ohio-state.edu/~sabedon/biol2050.htm
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