2. Analyze actions taken by women to address social issues affecting workers and families. Explain actions taken during the Progressive era to expand opportunities for women, including the right to vote. Evaluate the tactics reform leaders used to win passage of the Nineteenth (19 th ) Amendment.

3. Women in Public Life Before the Civil War, American women were expected to devote their time to home and family. By the late 19 th and early 20 th century, women were visible in the workforce.

4. Before the turn-of-the-century women without formal education contributed to the economic welfare of their families by doing domestic work. 70% of women employed in 1870 were servants. Women were expected to hand over their wages to their husbands, fathers or brothers. With little or no education, women could easily be cheated or bullied by their employers.

5. Opportunities for women increased especially in the cities. By 1900, one out of five women worked. One goal of women reformers was to limit the number of work hours.

6. In 1903, an Oregon law capped women’s workdays at ten hours. The lawyer for the case, Louis Brandeis, argued that long working hours harmed working women and their families. The Supreme Court agreed, saying women could be “properly placed in a class” by themselves. As a result, laws could limit their work hours.

7. Women Lead Reform Many of the leading Progressive reformers were women. Middle and upper class women entered the public sphere after graduating from the new women’s colleges. Colleges like Vassar and Smith allowed women to excel

8. 1872 – The Great Vote-In 1872 - Great Vote-In (Anthony, Sojourner Truth, others) tried to vote in Presidential Election. Sojourner Truth was turned away. Arrest and trial of Susan B. Anthony. Sojourner Truth Library of Congress Victoria Woodhull

9. Three-Part Strategy for Winning Suffrage Suffragettes tried three approaches to winning the vote: 1.Convincing state legislatures to adopt the vote. 2.Pursuing court cases to test 14 th Amendment. 3.Pushing for national Constitutional amendment.

11. In comes, Alice Paul and Carrie Catt. The inauguration of Woodrow Wilson in 1913 was the perfect setting for a suffrage parade.

13. AMENDMENTS 16 th - 1913 Allows Congress to charge an income tax. 16 th - 1913 Allows Congress to charge an income tax. 17 th - 1913 Provides for the direct election of Senators. Passed to lessen corruption 17 th - 1913 Provides for the direct election of Senators. Passed to lessen corruption 18 th - 1919 Prohibiting the sale of alcohol. Known as Prohibition 18 th - 1919 Prohibiting the sale of alcohol. Known as Prohibition 19 th - 1920 Women’s suffrage. Gave women the right to vote. 19 th - 1920 Women’s suffrage. Gave women the right to vote.

14. What Amendment gave women the right ? 19 th Amendment.