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Published byJohnathan Goodman Modified over 8 years ago
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Biochemistry Notes
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Biochemistry Biochemistry Study of science that explores how properties of CHEMICALS make life possible
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Biochemistry Inorganic Compounds Organic Compounds Compounds that do not contain carbon Compounds that do contain carbon All living organisms are made of carbon
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Biochemistry Inorganic Compound Water M ost important inorganic compound for living organisms E xcellent solvent P olar compound: opposite charges at each end of the molecule H igh heat capacity: can absorb and release a lot of heat/energy before changing temperatures
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Biochemistry Organic Compounds Carbon Carbon forms the structural backbone of all organic molecules. Can bond with 4 other atoms OR can bond with other carbons to form long chains or rings.
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Biochemistry Organic Compounds Monomers Polymer Basic units that repeat over and over large compound formed from combinations of many monomers
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Four major kinds of polymers (macromolecules)… 1)Carbohydrates 2)Lipids 3)Proteins 4)Nucleic acids Biochemistry
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Biochemistry1)Carbohydrates Used for Basic Monomer Contain C, H 2, and O in the same ratio as in water EEnergy source (sugars and starches) SStructural and cellular support MMonosaccharide
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Biochemistry Monosaccharide Simple sugars Glucose and Fructose Same molecular formula CC 6 H 12 O 6
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Biochemistry DisaccharidePolysaccharide Double sugar molecule Largest carbohydrate Starch: Stored food (glucose) Sugar: Quick energy source
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Biochemistry 2)Lipids * Basic Monomer * Basic Monomer Fats, Oils, and Waxes Contains C 2, H 2, and O 2 Insoluble in water Storage of energy Helps make up the cell membrane Glycerol + Fatty Acid
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Biochemistry 3)Proteins *Basic Monomer *Basic Monomer Basic building material of all living things Examples: hair, nails, blood, muscle, skin Sources: egg whites, gelatin, meat Amino Acid
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Biochemistry Amino Acids (aa) Each has a distinctive characteristic Same basic structure: Four groups attached to a central carbon atom AAcid Group (COO) AAmino Group (NH 3 ) HHydrogen Atom (H + ) ““R-Group” Determines the amino acid
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Biochemistry 20 different naturally occurring amino acids 110 produced by the human body Held together by peptide bonds Polypeptide: 3 or more amino acids bonded together
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Biochemistry Enzymes They are proteins Like a key that fits into only one lock TThe lock is the substrate TThe key is the enzyme Active Site: Place where the enzyme and substrate bond Catalyst: Enzymes that speeds up a reaction
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Biochemistry 4) Nucleic Acids *Basic Monomer *Basic Monomer Carry instructions for cellular activity Nucleotide
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Biochemistry Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNA Blueprint of instructions that get transmitted from generation to generation Found in the nucleus only (of eukaryotic cells)!!!
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Biochemistry Ribonucleic Acid RNA Transfers and reads the instructions then makes proteins Found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm
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Biochemistry Three types of RNA: mRNA tRNA rRNA Messenger RNA Transfer RNA Ribosomal RNA
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Biochemistry There are four main bases in nucleic acids: But…in RNA, Thymine is replaced with… Adenine(A) Guanine (G) Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) Uracil (U)
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Biochemistry Now play the Jeopardy game (link on websites for Biochemistry webquest) Write out a summary of the question with the answer on your chart.
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