2. THE HUMAN BRAIN: NERVOUS SYSTEM Regulation in Our Body 12/10

3. LG: How Does The Nervous System Help to Maintain Homeostasis?  Do Now (12/11) 1. Describe how does the Circulatory System interact with any of the body system to maintain homeostasis. Example: Digestive system breaks down food and nutrients are absorbed through Villi in the small intestine. Then, nutrients are diffused into the blood stream.

4. Final words about Test Friday

5.  Which organ is the source of insulin?  What’s the function of Villi?  Describe respiration in terms of the movement of the diaphragm.

6. Zombie Autopsies

7. S.A. on12/2/2013

8. - any activity that helps body maintain homeostasis - CONTROLS and COORDINATES life activities - Includes nervous and endocrine system

9. The Human Brain Objects in Space Thinking/Planning/Scheduling Emotions Body Temperature Breathing

10. http://www.brainpop.com/health/bo dysystems/nervoussystem/

11. Nervous System - System of specialized cells to carry messages throughout body - Impulses are sent by nerve cells (a.k.a. neurons) to and from Central Nervous System (CNS)

12. Nervous System  Main Organs: 1. Brain 2. Spinal Cord

13. Stimuli  Receptors  Responses  Stimuli: anything (internal/external) causes changes. Examples: sound, light, temperature  Receptors: structures (on the surface of cell) that detect stimuli. Examples: ears, eyes, skin Receptors have specific SHAPES  Responses: changes/reactions

14. Shapes Matter!-Review HORMONES ENZYMES

15. Regents Sample Questions

16. You are born with most of the neurons you’ll ever have. They are NOT replaced when they die!!!!! Neurons ( nerve cells) Function: Specialized cells that carry electrochemical impulses

17.  http://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysy stems/neurons/ http://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysy stems/neurons/

18. Neuron Structure  3 Main Parts: 1. Cell Body (Soma) -Contains nucleus and cytoplasm -Metabolism such as Generating ATP 2. Dendrites: Short branch extensions -Receives stimuli from other neurons or environment -Send them toward the cell body 3. Axon: Long fiber -Sends impulses AWAY from the cell body to Axon Terminals

19. A Typical Neuron (Nerve Cell)

20.  Myelin Sheaths Description: insulating layer forms around nerves Function: allow impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently. Schwann Cells: form myelin sheaths

21.  Node of Ranvier (gaps) Decription: Gaps between adjacent Schwann Cells. Function: Allows nerve impulses to move along the neuron efficiently.

22. In your notes, label the following http://media.pearsoncmg.com/intl/ema/ema_uk_he_wickens_biopsych_2e/01_introd uction/activities/1_6_1_01.htm

24. Types of Neuron 1. Sensory or Afferent Neuron (Organs  Brain): Moving away from a central organ or point. Relays messages from receptors to the brain or spinal cord.

25. 2. Motor or Efferent Neuron (Brain  Muscle): Moving toward a central organ or point. Relays messages from the brain or spinal cord to the muscles and organs.

26. 3. Interneuron: Relay message from sensory neuron to motor neuron. Make up the brain and spinal cord.

27. Sensory  Interneuron  Motor sensory neuron (from senses)

28. Neuron Communication  Synapse: the space between 2 neurons -one end of a neuron secretes special chemical messengers that travel across this space thus carrying impulses from cell to cell -Neurotransmitters (NTs): chemical messengers

30. Regents Sample Questions Which cell (X or Y) shows the receptor molecules? Name “A”:

31. Action Potential-optional  http://msjensen.cehd.umn.edu/1135/Links/A nimations/Flash/0014- swf_action_potenti.swf http://msjensen.cehd.umn.edu/1135/Links/A nimations/Flash/0014- swf_action_potenti.swf

32. Drugs and Poisons Stimulants -Speed up production and release of neurotransmitters - Caffeine – increases synaptic transmissions - Causes sleeplessness and nervousness

33. Depressants - Block formation of neurotransmitters - Barbiturates – produce depressant effect Pain Killers Alcohol

34. Brain has two Hemispheres Each side of the brain is one hemisphere. Each of these hemispheres contain 4 different lobes.

35. Lobes of the Brain (4)  Frontal  Parietal  Occipital  Temporal.

36. Lobes of the Brain - Frontal Functions/actions: -Memory formation -Emotions -Decision Making/Reasoning -Personality

37. Critical Regions of the F.L.  Primary Motor Cortex (Precentral Gyrus) – Involved with controlling movements of the body.  Broca’s Area – Controls facial neurons, speech, and language comprehension. Located on Left Frontal Lobe.  Olfactory (smell) Bulb - Cranial Nerve I, Responsible for sensation of Smell

39. Lobes of the Brain - Parietal Lobe Functions/actions: -Senses - Spatial awareness and perception =the sensation of Taste.

40. Lobes of the Brain – Occipital Lobe Function: -The processing, integration, interpretation of VISION and visual stimuli. Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1- 8.tif.jpghttp://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1- 8.tif.jpg

41. Visual Cortex

42. Lobes of the Brain – Temporal Lobe Functions: Hearing Language comprehension Memory formation/ retrieval Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1- 8.tif.jpghttp://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1- 8.tif.jpg

43. Temporal Lobe – Cortical Regions  Primary Auditory Cortex – Responsible for hearing Primary Olfactory Cortex – Interprets the sense of smell once it reaches the cortex via the olfactory bulbs. (Not visible on the superficial cortex) Wernicke’s Area – Language comprehension. Located on the Left Temporal Lobe.

44. Temporal Lobe

46. The Occipital Brain Frontal LobeParietal LobeTemporal Lobe Occipital Lobe

47. Temporal Lobe Brain Frontal LobeParietal Lobe Temporal Lobe Occipital Lobe

48. Parietal Lobe Brain Frontal Lobe Parietal Lobe Temporal LobeOccipital Lobe

49. Frontal Lobe B rain Frontal Lobe Parietal LobeTemporal LobeOccipital Lobe

50. Meningitis -viral or bacterial disease that infects fluid surrounding brain and spinal cord symptoms: A stiff and painful neck, especially when you try to touch your chin to your chest Seizures Trouble staying awake Meningococcal disease is contagious. The disease is transmitted through air droplets and direct contact with infected persons (e.g., coughing, kissing). http://abcnews.go.com/Health/uc-santa-barbara-students- meningitis/story?id=21080902

51. Spinal Tap

52. Cerebral Palsy: impaired movement Causes: Not Known -brain damages -infections -maternal health problems -premature babies -lead poisoning Treatment: NO CURE -braces -medication -surgery (dislocated hips and scoliosis)