1. Asexual Reproduction and Mitosis SB2 e: Compare the advantages of sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction in different situations

2. Occurs only through the process of ___________ Each offspring has the same genetic information Where can asexual reproduction be found? BACTERIAYEAST PLANTS

3. There are 5 different types of asexual reproduction. 1. ______________ Parent divides unequally; new individuals develop from buds ex – yeast & hydra 2. ______________ Most simple form of asexual reproduction; Parent divides equally and results in two separate individuals Ex.-paramecium 3. _______________ Single specialized cells that germinate when released from parent. Usually covered by a protective coating for preservation.

4. 4. _______________/_________________ Ability to regrow new body parts/ability to grow new Organism from parts. ex – hyrda, planaria, starfish, the bad guy from Terminator 2 5. _____________ _____________/________________ Refers to roots, stems, and leaves. Cells divide then differentiate to produce the same organism Ex.- strawberry plant, pick-a-back plant

5. Period of time from one division to the next ____________ division results in formation of new individuals of the species _____________ division results in replacement of old or damaged cells Process by which the _________ divides while maintaining number of chromosomes Division of the ___________ _____________ Reproduction that only involves ______ parent so therefore no special reproductive organs are needed ___________ __________ _____________

6. Nuclear DNA wound around proteins known as histones ____________ Condensed rolls of chromatin that are able to be seen during mitosis (rod-like structures) There are 6 phases in Cell Cycle _________ ________ _________ __________ ____________

7. Interphase Known as “resting phase” Cells ________in size by producing more nucleic acids, proteins, and cellular organelles Chromosomes make ________________, but they can’t be seen Nucleus of the cell is contained within the _______________ ___________ are present and duplicate themselves

8. Mitosis Begins Mitosis is the division of the __________ Happens in __________/_______ cells

9. Prophase Double chromosomes become visible - Chromatid Chromosomes are 2 sister chromatids connected by a centromere ____________

10. At the beginning, ____________ move to opposite poles Spindle fibers attach By the end, the nuclear envelope and nucleus have _____________ EARLYLATE DON’T DRAW

11. Metaphase= “___________” Centromeres line up in the__________

12. Anaphase= ____________ Daughter chromosomes move to _________sides of cell (poles)

13. Telophase= “_______” Chromosomes ______ and return to previous shape (threadlike) Nuclear membrane and nuclei _______ NOTE: Cytokinesis begins during late anaphase and finishes during telophase

14. Two identical daughter cells are formed. Each cell has the _________ (2n) number of chromosomes. In humans this is _______ chromosomes. Cytokinesis

15. Same as mitosis in animals except: Plants have ________– spindle fibers take their place Cell wall ____________because it is too rigid Cell plate _________ the cell into two