1. Reproduction in flowers -Flower structure -Pollination -Fertilization and fruit formation -Dispersal of fruit and seeds

2. Reproduction in flowers Sexual reproduction Flowers are reproductive structures

3. Most plants have both organs so they are known as bisexual or hermaphrodite. Some plants may have either but not both on the same flower. These are called unisexual. Some plants have both organs but in different flowers.

4. Male organs – Stamens Female organs – Carpels

5. Flowers – Most flowers are brightly coloured and scented. – Arranged in a circle or cylinder. – There are 4 to 10 petals which may be joined together to form a tube. Sepals – These are outside the petals. Green coloured and smaller than petals and protect the flower when it is a bud. Stamens – Are the male reproductive system. They are divided into two anthers and filament. – Anthers have four pollen sacs. – When the anthers are ripe, the pollen sacs split open and release their pollen.

6. Carpels – Female reproductive organ. – Each carpel consist of an ovary bearing a style and a stigma. – Inside the ovary there may be several ovules. – When fertilised the ovule will become a seed and the whole ovary will become a fruit. – The style and stigma project from the top of the ovary. – The stigma has a sticky surface and pollen grains will stick to it during pollination. Receptacle – This structure is the one that holds all the flower. – Some receptacles become edible after fertilisation (apples and pears).

7. In daffodil flower as most monocots there is not distinction between the sepals and the petals.

8. Lupin flower -5 petals different shapes and sizes. -The uppermost is called standard -Two petals at the sides are called wings -Inside the wings are two more petals joined together to form a boat-shaped keel.

9. Standard Keel Receptacle Sepals Anthers Stigma Ovule Ovaries

10. -The shoots of a lupin plant are called inflorescences because they carry several flowers on the same shoot

11. Pollination -The transfer of pollen from anthers to stigma is called ‘pollination’. -The anthers split open exposing pollen grains which are then carried away on the bodies of insects or blown away by the wind. -In self-pollinating plants the pollen that reaches the stigma is the same flower or on another flower on the same plant. -In cross-pollination, the pollen is carried from the anthers of one flower to the stigma in a flower of another plant of the same species.