2. The Roaring 20’s An era of prosperity, Republican power, and conflict

3. 1920's collectively known as the "Roaring 20's", or the "Jazz Age" In sum, a period of great change in American Society - modern America is born at this time For the first time the census reflected an urban society - people had moved into cities to enjoy a higher standard of living

4. Age of Prosperity Economic expansion Mass Production Assembly Line Age of the Automobile Ailing Agriculture…

5. Agric. depression in early 1920's contributed to this urban migration U.S. farmers lost agri. markets in postwar Europe At same time agri. efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer laborers needed Farming was no longer as prosperous, and bankers called in their loans (farms repossessed) American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society Farmers Woes

6. Blacks moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form, i.e. Harlem Within these ghettoes a distinct Black culture flourished But both blacks and whites wanted cultural interchange restricted

7. Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) Believed in Black pride Advocated racial segregation b/c of Black superiority Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa He purchased a ship to start the Black Star line Attracted many investments: gov't charged him with fraud He was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica, organization continued to exist

8. Consumer Economy

9. Culture of the Roaring 20’s Radio KDKA Pittsburgh GE, Westinghouse,& RCA form NBC Silent Movies Charlie Chaplin “Talkies” The Jazz Singer Starring Al Jolson Mary Pickford “America’s Sweetheart”

10. Celebrities Babe Ruth & Ty Cobb Jack Dempsey Charles Lindbergh The Spirit of St. Louis

11. The 20’s is The Jazz Age The Flappers Make-up Cigarettes Short Skirts Musicians Louis Armstrong Duke Ellington Writers F. Scott Fitzgerald Ernest Hemingway

12. 1920's also brought about great changes for women... 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote After 1920, social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home And more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions Women didn't want to sacrifice wartime gains - amounted to a social revolt Characterized by the FLAPPER/ "new woman"  (bobbed hair, short dresses, smoked in public...)

13. Margaret Sanger “No woman can call herself free who does not own and control her body. “  Gave up nursing to dedicate herself to the distribution of birth control information.  Set up the first birth control clinic.  She was sent to the workhouse for "creating a public nuisance."  Helped organize the Planned Parenthood Federation

14. Government Excess & Threats to the Civil Liberties of Americans  1919 – International goal --> promote worldwide communism.  Attorney General, A. Mitchell Palmer (The Case Against the Reds)  Palmer Raids, 1920 – 500 deported  May Day Prediction falls flat “The Red Scare”:

15. Police Arrest “Suspected Reds’ in Chicago, 1920 “Red Scare” – Palmer Raids

16. “Red Scare” -- Anti-Bolshevism “Put Them Out & Keep Them Out” – Philadelphia Inquirer

17. Immigration Backlash  Nativism is back.  Emergency Quota Act of 1921 = 3% of pop. from 1910  Immigration Act of 1924 (National Origins Act) = 2% of 1890 pop.  Immigrants = Communism

18. A Society in Conflict Anti-immigrant  National Origins Act  Discrimination Sacco-Vanzetti Trial  Italian immigrants  Unfair trial

19. The Ku Klux Klan Great increase In power Anti-black Anti-immigrant Anti-women’s suffrage Anti-bootleggers Anti-Semitic Anti-Catholic

20. Scopes “Monkey” Trial Evolution vs. Creationism Dayton, Tennessee Famous Lawyers Science vs. Religion John Scopes High School Biology teacher

21. Prohibition 18 th Amendment Volstead Act Gangsters Al Capone

22. PROHIBITION - on manuf. and sale of alcohol 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT by way of Volstead Act A difficult law to enforce... organized crime, speakeasies, bootleggers were on the rise Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period - capitalism at its zenith… Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w/ the 21st Amendment Forced organized crime to pursue other interests…

23. The 1920 Election

24. Harding Administration  The Ohio Gang  H. Daugherty – Atty. Gen./A. Fall Sec. Inter.  Laissez-Faire  Appoints 4 of 9 Justices  Adkins v. Children’s Hospital (1923) overturns Muller v. Oregon  Anti-trust laws ignored  ICC run by RR friends  Esch-Cummins Transportation Act of 1920

25. American Isolationism 5 Isolationists like Senator Lodge, refused to allow the US to sign the Versailles Treaty. 5 July, 1921  Congress passed a resolution declaring WW I officially over! Sen. Henry Cabot Lodge, Sr. [R-MA]

26. Washington Disarmament Conference (1921-1922) 5 Long-standing Anglo-Japanese alliance (1902) obligated Britain to aid Japan in the event of a Japanese war with the United States. 5 Goals  naval disarmament and the political situation in the Far East.

27. Five-Power Treaty (1922) 5 A battleship ratio was achieved through this ratio: US Britain Japan France Italy 5 5 3 1.67 1.67 5 Japan got a guarantee that the US and Britain would stop fortifying their Far East territories [including the Philippines]. 5 Loophole  no restrictions on small warships

28. Tariff & Scandal  Fordney-McCumber Tariff  27% to 38.5%, American Tariffs caused European Tariffs  Teapot Dome Scandal  1924 sale of pardons and liquor permits  Fall, Sinclair, and Doheny indicted.  Fall found guilty  Harding dies, Coolidge president

29. European Debts to the US

30. Hyper-Inflation in Germany: 1923

31. Dawes Plan (1924)

32. Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) 5 15 nations dedicated to outlawing aggression and war as tools of foreign policy. 5 62 nations signed. 5 Problems  no means of actual enforcement and gave Americans a false sense of security.