1. The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution French and Indian War (1754-1763) causes English debt, revenue enforcement French and Indian War (1754-1763) causes English debt, revenue enforcement Admiralty Courts (No jury trials, trials at sea) Admiralty Courts (No jury trials, trials at sea) Stamp Act of 1765 (Taxation Stamp Act of 1765 (Taxation without representation) without representation) The Writs of Assistance The Writs of Assistance Quartering Act (1766) and Army housing Quartering Act (1766) and Army housing Republicanism, home rule, and self- government Republicanism, home rule, and self- government

2. The Articles of Confederation (1781-1787) Negative government, fear of Negative government, fear of centralized power centralized power Unicameralism (single chamber) Unicameralism (single chamber) Each state has one vote Each state has one vote Two-thirds vote to pass law Two-thirds vote to pass law Unanimous vote to amend Articles Unanimous vote to amend Articles No tax power, Executive branch, judiciary No tax power, Executive branch, judiciary No navy, power to sign foreign treaties No navy, power to sign foreign treaties Large national debt, fear of foreign intervention Large national debt, fear of foreign intervention

3. Toward the Constitution of 1787 Shay’s Rebellion (1786) Shay’s Rebellion (1786) The Annapolis Convention (1786) The Annapolis Convention (1786)

4. The Philadelphia Convention (1787) 55 delegates in closed sessions 55 delegates in closed sessions The Virginia and New Jersey Plans The Virginia and New Jersey Plans The Connecticut Compromise (Representation) The Connecticut Compromise (Representation) The Three-Fifths The Three-Fifths Compromise (slavery) Compromise (slavery) Import taxes Import taxes Interstate commerce regulation Interstate commerce regulation Representative democracy Representative democracy The amendment process (living document) The amendment process (living document)

5. An Ideological Party System Develops Federalists (Loose interpretation, national power, fear of democracy) Federalists (Loose interpretation, national power, fear of democracy) The Anti-Federalists (Strict construction, states rights doctrines, need for a bill of rights) The Anti-Federalists (Strict construction, states rights doctrines, need for a bill of rights)

6. Limitations on Government Power Federalism Federalism Separation of powers and Judicial Review Separation of powers and Judicial Review Bicameralism Bicameralism Republican form of government Republican form of government Reserved powers (9 th and 10 th amendments) Reserved powers (9 th and 10 th amendments)

7. The Ratification Struggle Submitted to state conventions for approval Submitted to state conventions for approval Three fourths of states necessary for approval Three fourths of states necessary for approval The Federalist Papers The Federalist Papers