1. Warm-Up Why is Louis XIV considered to be the symbol of Absolutism? Was he a political mastermind or a puppet of his military and state advisors? 1 paragraph, use evidence from the documents to support your argument

3. The Hapsburgs, Prussian and Romanov Empires

4. Explain the development of Absolutism in Eastern Europe. Which countries become the most powerful and why?

5.  Economically less advanced than western Europe Agrarian economy No overseas empires Little to no overseas trade  exception of grain Politically unstable region due to continual conflict Three Absolutist powers emerge 1.Habsburg Austria 2.Prussia begins to merge with N. Germany 3.Imperial Russia – Romanov Dynasty

6.  most Polish monarchs were foreigners and tools for foreign powers  Sejm or diet - a central legislative body no real power any single veto, liberum veto, could stop a Sejm  (exploding the diet)  Result = Poland disappears from map in 18th century John III SobieskiJohn III Sobieski at the Battle of Vienna Battle of Vienna

7.  Hapsburgs maintained the title of Holy Roman Emperor, but it no longer held the same power.  territories were geographically & culturally diverse = no real central government  empire increases under Leopold I, Joseph I, and Charles VI Pragmatic Sanction – Charles VI legal basis for a single line of inheritance within the Hapsburg dynasty putting his daughter Maria Theresa in charge  Frederick of Prussia invades Hapsburg Empire and puts Maria at risk in 1740

8.  Frederick William, the Great Elector raised taxes to build an army Junkers could enforce serfdom army and Elector become powerful allies  Frederick William’s successors William I, helps Hapsburgs in War of Spanish Succession, becomes King of Prussia  Frederick William I – most successful Prussian leader  symbol of power and unity, while staying out of war Frederick II or Great –  invaded Silesia starting long Austrian- Prussian rivalry Quick-Write: Looking at the maps to the left, explain why Prussia is growing. Given that we know Prussia no longer exists today, what do you think happens to this major European power?

9. c The Romanov dynasty is established with Michael Romanov 17. c The only Russian royal family  lasted for 304 years!  Brought stability to Russia Romanov Family Crest

10. DEMAGOGUE The Pendulum of Russian History Pro-West For Progress & Change Encourage New Ideas, Technologies, etc. Anti-West Isolationist Xenophobic Ultra-Conservative  Most Tsars  Russian Orthodox Church  Military  Boyars  peasants  A few Tsars  Intellectual elites  Merchants/businessmen  Young members of the middle class. REFORM-MINDED LEADER Think-Pair-Share Why do you think this pendulum exists in Russian History? What makes it so different then these other European nations that it has this tradition of constantly being behind?

11.  Increased the size of the military and improved navy  The Great Northern War – defeats the Swedes and takes control of Estonia, Lithuania, parts of Finland  St. Petersburg –built in honor of himself with places forcibly built by the boyars that resembled small versions of Versailles Window to the west

12.  Bought the nobility and Russian Orthodox Church more closely under Tsar’s rule.  Table of Ranks – service to country became more important than lineage Meritocracy based system  abolishes the patriarch and puts in its place the Holy Synod Brings power of the church under the Emperor  1725 – Peter dies and leaves no successor as Russia becomes unstable

14.  Dominant political power in Muslim World after 1516  More religious tolerant than Europe  sultans governed their empire through millets officially recognized religious communities  religious discrimination = Dhimmis  devshirme – Christian boys recruited and raised as Muslims and put into the military as infantry troops known as Janissaries basically well treated slaves

15.  Unsuccessfully attempt to expand their empire into Europe.  the power of the main political figure the vizier grows and splits up the empire  Europe passes the Ottomans in learning, science, and military prowess = stronger European armies  Ottomans suffer military loses to the united European states and Russia losing land and revenue  Europe sees the Ottoman Empire as one in decline and Islam as an inferior religion Map 13–5 THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN THE LATE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY. By the 1680s the Ottoman Empire had reached its maximum extent, but the Ottoman failure to capture Vienna in 1683 marked the beginning of a long and inexorable decline that ended with the empire’s collapse after World War I.

16. Explain the development of Absolutism in Eastern Europe. Which countries become the most powerful and why?