1. March 18, 2013 As soon as you enter, QUIETLY and QUICKLY 1. Read the F.Q. and L.G.’s. 2. Answer the L.P. 3. Receive a stamp! You have 4 minutes.

2. Weathering is the physical and chemical changes in rocks at Earth’s surface. Weathering is the physical and chemical changes in rocks at Earth’s surface. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

3. The 2 types of weathering are physical and chemical. The 2 types of weathering are physical and chemical. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

4. Physical weathering is breaking rocks into smaller pieces without a change in composition. Physical weathering is breaking rocks into smaller pieces without a change in composition. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

16. Agents of physical weathering include Agents of physical weathering include Heat Heat Water Water Ice Ice Pressure Pressure Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

17. Agents of physical weathering include Agents of physical weathering include Heat Heat Water Water Ice Ice Pressure Pressure Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

18. Agents of physical weathering include Agents of physical weathering include Heat Heat Water Water Ice Ice Pressure Pressure Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

19. Agents of physical weathering include Agents of physical weathering include Heat Heat Water Water Ice Ice Pressure Pressure Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

20. Agents of physical weathering include Agents of physical weathering include Heat Heat Water Water Ice Ice And Pressure And Pressure Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

21. Abrasion – the with other rocks Abrasion – the grinding away of rock by friction with other rocks Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

48. What is exfoliation in the beauty world?

49. “It’s when you remove dead skin cells so new healthy cells are shown.”

50. Sheeting/ Exfoliation – rock layers peel off, fall, and break apart. Sheeting/ Exfoliation – rock layers peel off, fall, and break apart. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

51. Sheeting/ Exfoliation – rock layers peel off, fall, and break apart. Sheeting/ Exfoliation – rock layers peel off, fall, and break apart. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

52. Sheeting/ Exfoliation – rock layers peel off, fall, and break apart. Sheeting/ Exfoliation – rock layers peel off, fall, and break apart. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

53. Sheeting/ Exfoliation – rock layers peel off, fall, and break apart. Sheeting/ Exfoliation – rock layers peel off, fall, and break apart. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

54. Sheeting/ Exfoliation – rock layers peel off, fall, and break apart. Sheeting/ Exfoliation – rock layers peel off, fall, and break apart. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

55. Sheeting/ Exfoliation – rock layers peel off, fall, and break apart. Sheeting/ Exfoliation – rock layers peel off, fall, and break apart. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

56. Sheeting/ Exfoliation – rock layers peel off, fall, and break apart. Sheeting/ Exfoliation – rock layers peel off, fall, and break apart. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

57. Exfoliation is much like an onion losing layers. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

58. Which picture best represents exfoliation? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

59. Answer! A.

60. Answer! A. B is ice wedging.

61. Which picture best represents exfoliation? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

62. Answer! B. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

63. Answer! B. A is Chemical Weathering. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

64. What happens if you leave a can of soda in the freezer?

65. ANSWER: The can will explode because water expands when it is frozen. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

67. The increase in volume of ice is about 9%. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

68. The increase in volume of ice is about 9%. This increase causes enough force to break most rigid containers. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

69. The increase in volume of ice is about 9%. This increase causes enough force to break most rigid containers. This is the same force, repeated on a daily basis, that creates cracks in the roads in the winter. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

74. Frost Wedging – water enters cracks in rocks, freezes, expands, and breaks rocks. Frost Wedging – water enters cracks in rocks, freezes, expands, and breaks rocks. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

76. Frost wedging creates cracks and holds which you can use to rock climb! Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

77. What is this a picture of?

78. Answer: This is a picture of the Old Man of the Mountain in New Hampshire!

82. Thermal Expansion – repeated heating and cooling of rocks results in stress and breakage. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

83. Which is exfoliation, and which is thermal expansion? A B Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

84. Answer! Trick Question. Thermal expansion leads to sheeting / exfoliation. A B Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

85. Root Wedging – Plant roots enter a crack, grow and expand the crack. Root Wedging – Plant roots enter a crack, grow and expand the crack. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

86. Root Wedging – Plant roots enter a crack, grow and expand the crack. Root Wedging – Plant roots enter a crack, grow and expand the crack. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

87. Root Wedging – Plant roots enter a crack, grow and expand the crack. Root Wedging – Plant roots enter a crack, grow and expand the crack. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

89. Which picture best represents ice wedging, and which picture best represents root wedging? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

90. Which picture best represents ice wedging, and which picture best represents root wedging? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

91. Root Wedging Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

92. Root Wedging Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

93. Root Wedging Frost Wedging Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

94. Animal Activity – Animals mechanically wear away the rock. Animal Activity – Animals mechanically wear away the rock. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

102. Wind weathering – particles of sand, pebbles, and dust are carried by wind and cause abrasion. Wind weathering – particles of sand, pebbles, and dust are carried by wind and cause abrasion. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

105. March 21, 2013 As soon as you enter, QUIETLY and QUICKLY 1. Copy the F.Q. and L.G.’s in your NOTEBOOK. 2. List as many examples of weathering as you can. 3. Receive a stamp! You have 4 minutes.

106. Chemical Weathering occurs when chemical processes break down rocks and change their composition. Chemical Weathering occurs when chemical processes break down rocks and change their composition. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

107. Chemical weathering rate depends on Chemical weathering rate depends on Temperature Temperature Amount of surface area Amount of surface area Availability of water or natural acid Availability of water or natural acid Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

108. Chemical weathering rate depends on Chemical weathering rate depends on Temperature Temperature Amount of surface area Amount of surface area Availability of water or natural acid Availability of water or natural acid Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

109. Chemical weathering rate depends on Chemical weathering rate depends on Temperature Temperature Surface area Surface area Availability of water or natural acid Availability of water or natural acid Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

110. Chemical weathering rate depends on Chemical weathering rate depends on Temperature Temperature Surface area Surface area Availability of water or natural acid Availability of water or natural acid Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

111. Carbonation – Water and CO 2 create carbonic acid which wears down rock. Carbonation – Water and CO 2 create carbonic acid which wears down rock. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

115. Brought to New York City Water + Chemical Pollution = Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

116. Brought to New York City Water + Chemical Pollution = Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

117. Hydrolysis – Hydrolysis – Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

118. Hydrolysis – Chemical reaction between the minerals in the rock and hydrogen in rain water wears down rock. Hydrolysis – Chemical reaction between the minerals in the rock and hydrogen in rain water wears down rock. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

119. Oxidation – The process by which oxygen combines with water and minerals in the rock to weaken it. Oxidation – The process by which oxygen combines with water and minerals in the rock to weaken it. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

120. Which picture best represents oxidation weathering? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

121. Answer! B. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

122. Answer! B. A appears to by more hydrolysis than oxidation. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

123. Solution – Process by which minerals in the rocks dissolve directly in water. Solution – Process by which minerals in the rocks dissolve directly in water. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

124. LIMESTONE CAVES Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

125. Hydration – Process where minerals in the rock absorb water and expand. Hydration – Process where minerals in the rock absorb water and expand. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

126. Salts as well as organic acids in soil and from plant like lichens cause chemical weathering. Salts as well as organic acids in soil and from plant like lichens cause chemical weathering. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

128. March 22, 2013 As soon as you enter, QUIETLY and QUICKLY 1.Copy the F.Q. and L.G.’s in your NOTEBOOK. 2.List as many examples of weathering as you can. 3.Receive a stamp! You have 5 minutes.

129. What is this a picture of? How long will it be there? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

130. Answer: This is a photograph of a footprint on the moon made in 1969. It is most likely still there. Why?

131. Weathering occurs very quickly on Earth because of wind, water, and animals. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

132. The moon does NOT have an ATMOSPHERE—most important agent of weathering! Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

133. HOW DOES THE ENVIRONMENT AFFECT WEATHERING? The harder a rock is, the more it RESISTS weathering. The more chemically stable a rock’s minerals are, the more it RESISTS weathering.

134. SURFACE AREA MATTERS!

135. HOW DOES THE ENVIRONMENT AFFECT WEATHERING? The colder the climate, the more likely PHYSICAL WEATHERING will occur. The warmer and wetter the climate, the more likely CHEMICAL WEATHERING will occur.

137. PRACTICE QUESTIONS 1.You found several rocks weathered by wind-blown sand in a desert environment. These angular rocks are called ventifacts. What kind of weathering process most likely shaped these rocks? A.Physical abrasion B.Chemical weathering C.Biological processes D.Melting of rock

138. PRACTICE QUESTIONS 1.You found several rocks weathered by wind-blown sand in a desert environment. These angular rocks are called ventifacts. What kind of weathering process most likely shaped these rocks? A. Physical abrasion

139. PRACTICE QUESTIONS 2. What kind of weathering are carbonation and hydrolysis? A.Physical B.Biological C.Chemical D.Glacial

140. PRACTICE QUESTIONS 2. What kind of weathering are carbonation and hydrolysis? C. Chemical

141. PRACTICE QUESTIONS 3. What substance combines with atmospheric gases to cause hydrolysis and carbonation? A.Potassium feldspar B.Air C.Hydrochloric acid D.Water

142. PRACTICE QUESTIONS 3. What substance combines with atmospheric gases to cause hydrolysis and carbonation? D. Water

143. PRACTICE QUESTIONS 4. What kind of weathering is most common in an area with an average yearly temperature of 5 º C and precipitation of 45 cm? A.Moderate chemical weathering B.Very slight weathering C.Moderate chemical weathering with frost action D.Slight frost action

145. PRACTICE QUESTIONS 4. What kind of weathering is most common in an area with an average yearly temperature of 5 º C and precipitation of 45 cm? D. Slight frost action

146. WHY IS WEATHERING IMPORTANT? Because it creates SOIL and soil leads to LIFE! Soil = a mixture of weathered rock and organic matter.

147. Relationship of Transported Particle Size to Water Velocity

148. PRACTICE QUESTIONS Complete # 8-13 on page 70. You have 10 minutes!