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The Middle Ages. The time of knights and castles 500 A.D. – 1500 A.D.

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Presentation on theme: "The Middle Ages. The time of knights and castles 500 A.D. – 1500 A.D."— Presentation transcript:

1 The Middle Ages. The time of knights and castles 500 A.D. – 1500 A.D.

2 Middle Ages in Europe

3 Middle Ages - Castles

4 Castles Medieval castles were designed in response to the weaponry they had to withstand. Wooden castles were easily destroyed by the burning missiles thrown at it Castles began to be built with stone and their walls were built higher and thicker—exposed walls could be as thick as 33 feet.

5 Castles Rectangular towers were rounded off to deflect missiles (arrows from bows or crossbows). As protection against battering rams, castle doors were reinforced with one or more iron grilles and sometimes a second door.

6 Knights The education of a young noble began early (age 7). He would be sent off to the castle of another lord. He waited on his hosts and learned courtly manners. He played chess and learned war strategies. To develop fighting skills, he would practice sword fighting

7 Education of a Knight At around the age of 14, the boy would become a squire. A squire would act as a servant to a knight. The squire took care of the knight’s armor, weapons, and warhorse. The squire would also escort the knight to battles.

8 Education of a Knight At around 21, a squire became a full-fledged knight. Knights were to abide by a complex set of ideals, which became known as the code of chivalry.

9 Tournaments Knights would compete in tournaments to practice the skills they learned in their knight training They would compete in contests like jousts and sword fights Joust- Two knights, separated by 100-300 yards of open space, would charge at each other with a lance until one was unhorsed.

10 Coat of Arms In the early 12 th century, helmets and other armor began making it difficult to tell armed warriors apart. The solution was for each knight or soldier to paint something personal on their shield like a team uniform. Over time, shield emblem designs became enduring symbols of their owners, and of their owners' families.

11 McLoughlin Coat of Arms Swords- Warlike Lion- Courage Blue- Loyalty & Truthfulness Crescents- Enlightenment Red- Military Fortitude

12 Coat of Arms Activity Read Handout Create your own Coat of Arms USE COLOR! Rulers and Colored Pencils are in the front of the room Use 2 colors, 2 symbols and 1 animal

13 Medieval Europe / Middle Ages  Unpleasant time – known as the Dark Ages  Constant invasions in Western Europe  People left the cities  Moved to the countryside  Led to a new way of living.

14 Manors  People left the unsafe cities because of the invasions.  In the country, people lived on manors

15 Manorialism A manor is a self-sufficient community with a castle, a church, and farmlands. All economic activity occurred on the manor No trade outside of the community

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18 Feudalism Feudalism – the relationships between the different social classes on the manor.

19 Feudalism The kings had lots of land King gave land to lords Lords gave their land to knights Knights let peasants work the land Peasants got protection from the knights. Peasants grew food for the manor.

20 Serfs  Peasants were called serfs.  Serfs were given land to farm  In return, serfs worked in the fields built and fixed roads fought in wars.  Serfs were not slaves  Serfs were bound to the land

21 Guilds & Apprentices Some people did not work on the farm, but worked as craftsmen Young boys, known as apprentices, would study under a craftsman to learn their trade. Each person who worked in a specific trade belonged to a group known as a guild Ex. All blacksmiths would be part of the same guild

22 Nobles/Lords Nobles were in charge of court and trials Nobles punished the guilty Nobles gave serfs permission to leave the manor Nobles had complete control laws and the daily lives of people living on the manor.

23 Nobles v. the King In England, the King wanted power back The King set up courts This took power from the nobles Nobles wanted to keep their power.

24 Magna Carta, 1215  Nobles made the King sign a document  The document was called the Magna Carta  Magna Carta gave nobles back their power  This means the king loses some power

25 Limited Monarchy The king now shares powers with nobles The nobles met in a legislature called Parliament The sharing of power between the kings and the nobles is known a limited monarchy.

26 Bell Ringer What is another name for the Middle Ages? When we talk about the Middle Ages, where are we talking about? What is manorialism? What is feudalism? Why was the Magna Carta an important document? What is the legislative body in England called?

27 The Church The Church had economic power. The church owned the most land on the manor The Church got money through tithing (money given by the congregation)

28 The Church The Church had political power The Church had its own laws and courts Some parish priests ran schools.

29 The Church Priests and monks spent years transcribing (writing copies of) the Bible

30 The Church The Church is at its most powerful The Church was led by pope. Priests and nuns converted people

31 The Church Pope was more powerful than kings! > Since there were no strong empires or kingdoms the Church was one organization that had respect and power.

32 Middle Ages - Churches and Cathedrals

33 The Crusades The Crusades were battles between Christians and Muslims. They were fighting over the Holy Land - Jerusalem

34 The Crusades In the 1050’s the Turks invaded the Byzantine empire The Turks were Muslim The Muslim Turks took over Palestine, Holy land.

35 The Crusades The Muslims and Jews also considered Jerusalem their Holy Land. The Pope called for a crusade to get back the Holy Land

36 The Crusades Thousands of Christian knights attacked Muslims and Jews in Turkey and Jerusalem Fighting to gain the land for Christians.

37 Reasons for the Crusades The Pope wanted to increase his power Christians believed it was their duty to fight for the Holy Land Nobles wanted to gain wealth. Some people like travel and excitement Serfs hoped to escape oppression

38 Result of the Crusades - TRADE An increase in trade. Returning Crusader brought back many things. As the Crusades ended, ships once used to carry soldiers to the Middle East, now carried goods. Merchants from Italian city states dominated the trade.

39 Result of the Crusades - CITIES Merchants (sellers) set up towns as places to trade. People began to use money, and not barter (trade)

40 Result of the Crusades – SERFS MOVE The beginning of the end of feudalism Serfs earn money and pay their obligation to lords instead of working the land

41 Result of the Crusades – CULTRUAL DIFFUSION Cultural diffusion is the spread of one culture to another Happened because of more trade

42 Result of the Crusades - PERSECUTION Persecution of Jews and Muslims Persecute means to treat badly, harass, or mistreat people

43 The Black Death  Known as the bubonic plague  A highly infectious disease spread by the fleas on rats.  Started in China  An epidemic that spread from country to country.  Spread by rats on ships bringing goods to trade.

44 The Black Death In six years the plague killed over 25 million people in Europe. That’s one person out of every three

45 Summary The Roman Empire fell because of attacks and disease (brought on by trade) In the Middle Ages the Church replaced governments as the central authority.


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