1. Basal Ganglia—Their Motor Functions 1- Receives from brain and back to it again 2- Function of the Basal Ganglia— The Putamen Circuit: 3- Abnormal Function in the Putamen Circuit: Athetosis, Hemiballismus, and Chorea Parkinson’s disease ( Rigidity, tremor, akinesia ) SO: Function of the Basal Ganglia to: Change the Timing and to Scale the Intensity of skillful Movements

2. Role of the Basal Ganglia for Cognitive Control of Sequences of Motor Patterns— The Caudate Circuit

3. Functions of Specific Neurotransmitter Substances in the Basal Ganglial System

4. Cerebral Blood Flow, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Brain Metabolism

5. Cerebral Blood Flow, Cerebral Blood Flow: Rate: Regulation: (CO2,O2, Activity, SANS) Autoregulation: Cerebral Microcirculation:

6. Cerebrospinal Fluid System present in: functions: ( Cushioning # Contrecoup ) Formation, Flow, and Absorption: Formation mechanism: Composition:

7. Absorption: Arachnoidal Villi: Perivascular Spaces and CSF: Lymphatic Function CSF Regulation: Barriers:

8. Brain Metabolism - Total Brain Metabolic Rate and Metabolic Rate of Neurons: - Special Requirement of the Brain for Oxygen Lack of Significant Anaerobic Metabolism (3 reasons) - Under Normal Conditions Most Brain Energy Is Supplied by Glucose (why: 2)