1. How Good were Roman Public Health System? The bathhouses changed once a week Clean water came in, and they weren’t mixed with toilet water Clean water to clean yourself Clean rain water was filled in the reservoir Effective because it led, waste away, It usual causes diseases because it was open. Hot water killed bacteria Everything monitored Reservoir Aqueducts Bath Toilet sewers

3. Knowledge was hard to come by in Medieval times, especially during the Dark Ages when barbarian tribes roamed western Europe. The knowledge gained by the ancient Greeks and Romans was largely lost to Europeans, and superstition reigned - although learning was more advanced in the Muslim Middle East. Many of Galen's books were lost therefore lots of scientific and medical knowledge was lost. Even when universities developed, after 1100 (Montpellier, Bologna and Salerno had famous medical schools), lectures on anatomy were basic. They consisted simply of a butcher pointing to the different parts of a body, while the lecturer read a text by an authority such as Galen. People did not debate Galen's ideas because they had no other evidence to follow up on. Generally, the Church banned the dissection of human bodies so their little accurate knowledge and many errors were made. Roman medical treatment: Home remedies Gods and their priests Trained doctors Romans used home remedies in the early stages of a person being ill. These home remedies may be found in medical books written by Celsus. Romans believed that the ill should pray to God so that they would be cured. Priests advised that people should wear charms to ward off evil spirits Romans used trained doctors these doctors would cost a lot of money to see, some of these doctors were sometimes even woman! People were trained by being apprentices to experienced doctors, however medical training was not compulsory. How did the Romans treat disease? Ellie and Merade

4. How did Romans treat illness? Home remediesGods And Their Priests  Many women had a vast knowledge of medical treatments handed down from one generation to another.  Many specialised in herbal remedies, mainly made from plants, but also including animal fats and minerals. when you were sick, you wouldn’t just take your medicine. You might wear a charm to ward off evil spirits. People who couldn’t shake off an illness often went to a temple to see the god’s priests and seek help. They sometimes left small carvings of the sock part of the body. Trained Doctors  If your mother’s herbal remedies and your prayers had still not helped then you could see a trained doctor.  Many doctors in the Roman Empire employed doctors to treat the poor (this might have happened in Britain)  Some of these doctors were women.  One woman, Antiochus, was so successful that her home town were erected a statue in ‘recognition of her skill as a medical practitioner.

5. DISEASES IN MEDIEVAL TIMES. Medicine in the middle ages time was very important for them. But however the streets were very congested. Back then no one really knew about diseases so it would have been hard for ‘Normal People’ supposing to be ‘doctors’ to treat what was wrong with them. Medieval people thought that things that could give you diseases are; Gods or the devil, common sense- bad air and dirt, desperate explanations. A guide to healthy living 1.Eat light meals so that you digest your food easily. 2.Take plenty of gentle exercise in the fresh air. 3.Relax as much as possible. 4.Stay on good terms with your neighbours and the people you work with. 5.Avoid stressful noises such as dogs barking and street brawls 6.Bathe in hot water to soothe your body

6. How did the medieval treat disease? Medieval towns did not have systems of sewers or water pipes like Rome had. Medieval towns were probably filthy. Garbage and human waste was thrown into the streets. MEDIEVAL: INFECTIOUS DISEASES- like smallpox, TB, plague killed people - usually when they were young – 2 out of every 5 children died before adulthood. Few die of these today LIVING CONDITIONS – were very harsh and unhygienic – people had no idea about cleanliness LACK OF KNOWLEDGE – about what caused diseases and how to cure them – ideas based on Galen were Wrong. No proper medical facilities – physicians and barber surgeons only – not trained doctors or hospitals WORKING CONDITIONS – were harsh at a time when most people spent their time doing manual labour on or in workshops. INJURY –could kill as wounds and cuts got infected with no idea how to cure them Treatments in the Middle Ages Treatment was either purging and bloodletting or herbal remedies When physicians decided the treatment they used the theory of the 4 humours or astrology Because the time was very religious they also believed in supernatural causes and cures – praying to God or saints to make things better. There was a lot of superstition eg belief in magic potions and charms. There was one all powerful catholic Church to tell people what to believe and what to do. o It controlled the Universities, monasteries and hospitals o It hindered medicine because it taught that disease was brought by God and that it should be cured by prayer. o It also taught that religion knew the truth and there was no place for new scientific discoveries – so it banned new ideas. o It only allowed the ideas of GALEN and said that he had got it all right. Dana Hussein

7. Differences: Medieval Era:  Universities were created so that doctors could be trained  Hospitals were made by churches, for example: St Bartholomew’s was founded on 1123  Some doctors were allowed to dissect on humans depending on the churches beliefs.  Had to train to become a doctor. Similarities:  Both Roman and Medieval doctors worked from the works of Galen & Hippocrates.  They both relied on Religion  Still used Herbal Remedies, Four Humours, Blood letting, Clinical observation. Differences: Roman Era:  They had aqueducts that create a clean flow of water.  They could only dissect on animals  Anyone could call themselves a doctor. By Daisy & Bethany

8. The similarities between medieval and roman medicine were:  They both believed that God caused and could take away illness.  Both had bath houses.  Both believed in the theory of opposites and both used herbal remedies.  Both times had completely experimental practises. The differences between medieval and roman medicine were:  In Roman times, they could only dissect animals they believed that dissecting humans was inhumane.  In medieval times they created hospitals and universities to drain doctors.  You now needed a licence to be a doctor.  Romans believed that unbalanced humours caused diseases.  In medieval times only the church could dissect. Tabby

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