1. Indicator (B.23-d): Explain the causes of the moon phases and how they affect tides.

2.  Tides: The level of water rising and falling in Earth’s oceans and seas. (the times of high and low tide) ◦ Tides result from the gravitational influences of the Moon and the Sun.

3.  Tidal Bulges: The pushing and pulling action creates different bulges on either side of Earth. ◦ At these Bulges, we experience high tide, and between these bulges, we experience low tide.

4.  Gravity: The attraction among all objects in the universe! ◦ Ie. When a ball is dropped, the ball hits the ground due to the gravitational attraction between the Earth and the ball.

5.  Moon: The Moon’s gravity acts on the surface of Earth, pulling the water away from Earth on the side that faces the Moon. (there is an attraction between the moon and the Earth)

6. Spring Tides: Whenever the Earth, Moon, and Sun are aligned, as is the case during the new and full Moons, the bulges combine to form top form unusually high tides, called spring tides.

7.  Neap Tides: When the bulges are at different locations, during the first and third quarter Moon, the tides are extra low and are called neap (“lacking”) tides