2. WHAT ARE HUMAN RIGHTS? Human rights are the rights and freedoms that we all have. Some human rights are based on our physical needs. The right to life. To food. To shelter. Other human rights protect us. The right to be free from torture, cruel treatment and abuse. Human rights are also there to ensure we develop to our fullest potential. The right to education. To work. To participate in your community. Everybody has human rights. It doesn’t matter who you are, where you come from, what language you speak or what religion you belong to. You have a duty to respect the rights of others, just as they have a duty to respect yours. Nobody can take your rights away.

3. WHERE DO RIGHTS COME FROM? Human rights are based on the values of: Dignity Justice Respect Equality Human rights were officially recognised as values by the world when the United Nations was set up.

4. WHAT IS THE UNITED NATIONS? The United Nations (UN) is an international organisation that was e e e e e established in 1945, the year the Second World War ended. Its founders hoped it would be able to prevent catastrophes like the e Holocaust from happening in the future. So promoting human rights became an aim of the UN, along with e e maintaining international peace and reducing poverty.

5. THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is the most famous human rights agreement in the world. It contains 30 human rights. According to the UDHR, you have the right to:

6. These are some of the rights: 1.Life, liberty and security. 2.Freedom from slavery and torture. 3.Freedom from discrimitation. 4.Equality before the law. 5.A fair and public trial. 6.Be considered innocent until proven guilty. 7.Privacy. 8.Freedom of movement. 9.Seek and enjoy political asylum in other countries. 10.A nationality.

7. 11.Marry and have a family. 12.Own property. 13.Freedom of thought, conscience and religion. 14.Freedom of opinion and expression. 15.Hold peaceful meetings. 16.Work. 17.Rest and leisure. 18.Food, clothing, shelter, medical care and social services. 19.Education.

8. THE KEY MESSAGES OF THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION ARE THAT HUMAN RIGHTS ARE: Universal Equal Interdependent & indivisible Inalienable

9. WHO WROTE THE UDHR? The people who wrote the UDHR came from: Australia, Chile, China, France, Lebanon, the former Soviet Union, the UK and the US. Lebanon

10. HOW DOES THE UDHR PROTECT HUMAN RIGHTS? The UDHR is an international statement of values that has inspired over 80 treaties containing human rights laws, including the main UN human rights treaties.

11. “Human rights are inscribed in the hearts of people” Mary Robinson, former UN High Commissioner for Human Rights

12. HUMAN RIGHTS give each person the power... to hold (rights to life, nationality, own property, rest and leisure) to do (rights to marry, peaceful assembly, run for public office, education) to omit (freedom from torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment, freedom from arbitrary arrest, detention or exile) to access (equal protection of the law, equal access to public service, equal pay for equal work) The term “HUMAN RIGHTS” was coined by Eleanor Roosevelt to replace Rights of Man HUMAN RIGHTS

13. Characteristics of Human Rights Universal Internationally guaranteed Legally protected Protects individuals and groups Cannot be taken away Equal and indivisible Obliges States and State actors

14. Legal basis - UN Charter Sets the promotion of and respect for human rights for all as one of the aims of the UN Establishes legal obligations for Member States to take action to achieve respect for human rights

15. Legal basis Declaration –Detailed list and definition of human rights Human rights Treaties –Agreed to and signed by countries Conventions, Covenants –Specific agreements about actions countries will take to uphold Human Rights