1. Brookhaven Science Associates U.S. Department of Energy BNL’s Plans for RHIC Detector Advisory Committee December 19, 2002 T. Ludlam

2. RHIC Physics… The early runs RHIC Phase I will be maturing in 2005 – 2006 Complete initial runs with Au-Au, p-p, d-Au, energy scan, light ions Explore Heavy ion reactions in a new domain o Global event characteristics o Properties of “hard” physics in A+A Discovery phase of the QGP search o Establish the early equilibration of matter o Demonstrate several characteristic signatures of the QGP o Compare with p-A (d-A) Begin the core Spin program with full machine capability for polarized protons.

3. Huge Strides Toward the Predicted Realm of the QGP…. Are we there Yet? Lattice QCD Phase Boundary Z. Fodor and S.D. Katz nucl-th/0201071

4. A View of the landscape: interpreting the RHIC data… Bounds on the energy density as a function of time in heavy ion collisions. Larry McLerran

5. Note: In FY 2003, RHIC is funded for 29 weeks of cryogenic operation… 4 weeks cool-down, 1 week warm-up 2 weeks set-up for each mode of operation, x 2 modes 3 weeks ramp-up to stable operation for each mode, x 2 modes Thus: 14 weeks total physics time (11 weeks d-Au; 3 weeks pp) 37 weeks Optimum RHIC schedule 29 weeks: FY ’03 Pres. budget RHIC Operations Schedule

6. Strawman Run Plan

7. Some Beam Delivery Economics… The RHIC program is comprised of three distinct components, each of which requires large data samples: 1.High energy A-A collisions 2.Proton-Proton collisions (Spin program + comparison data) 3.Other comparison data (p-A, d-A, light ions) For the remainder of this decade, these components will get a total of ~50 weeks of physics running time each. The integrated cost of this operation will be about one billion dollars. The savings realized by not running amount to ~$700K/week.

8. The Next Phase… The landscape of nuclear collisions at RHIC energies is no longer Terra Incognita Measure the essential properties of the quark-gluon plasma, and associated phase transitions Explore the early phases of reaction dynamics in QCD matter formation New phenomena in bulk QCD matter Extended studies of nucleon spin structure Facility requirements:  Luminosity and duty factor improvements to allow A A samples ≥ 10 nb -1  Upgraded PHENIX, STAR detectors New sensitivity to hard scattering, heavy flavors, rare processes

9. Measurements Beyond the Initial Exploratory Phase High P t and Q 2 : Leading particle/jet spectra to P t ~30 GeV/c Direct photons to P t > 15 GeV/c Photon-tagged jets… jet tomography Drell-Yan at M ~5 GeV Rare probes: Many x1000 upsilons W production in AA pA pp Very large unbiased event samples: Low mass lepton pairs γγ interferometry… Direct EM radiation from plasma Disoriented Chiral Condensate; Strong CP violation Extended detector capability: Open charm… Vertex resolution ~0.01 mm Flavor tagging of jets… PID at high P t Low mass lepton pairs; Low P t Direct Photons… Dalitz pair rejection Observables at forward rapidity for spin and pA physics… Forward coverage: tracking, PID Data samples ~10 nb -1 … Design Lum. (Au Au) … ~160 weeks 4 x L 0 … 40 weeks 40 x L 0 … 4 weeks

10. Enhancements possible with existing machine: Double the number of bunches to 112 Decrease  * from 2 m to 1m Electron beam cooling at full RHIC energy will eliminate intra-beam scattering effects and reduce beam emittance: 10x increase in average luminosity 4x increase in ave. L; Still limited by I.B.S. RHIC Luminosity Upgrade Plan Evolution of Au Au parameters: Luminosity in units of 10 26 cm -2 sec -1 Current in units of 10 10 ions/beam

11. Explore limits of parton (gluon) density… Initial conditions in HI collisions. Color Glass Condensate. Polarized parton distributions. Electron Ion Collider: A major new initiative for ~2010 (Polarized) Electron Beam: 10 GeV200 mA Polarized Proton Beam:250 GeV300 mA Electron -cooled Gold Beam:100 GeV/u120 mA Luminosity… e proton: 4 x10 32 cm -2 sec -1 e Gold: 3 x10 30 cm -2 sec -1 AGS BOOSTER TANDEMS RHIC e-ring

12. Funding in 2001 M$ RIA Facility operations Research NSF Nuclear Phys NUSL CEBAF Upgrade 2001 Long Range Plan Small Initiatives

13. RHIC Upgrades: The Current View Accelerator components: EBIS: Improved ion source to replace Tandem Van de Graaff– Build it quickly, with RHIC operating capital ( AIP funds) e-Cooling of full-energy ion beams – Proceed with R&D, and implement as “Phase I” of Electron Ion Collider Project (eRHIC) Detector components: Begin Detector R&D program immediately – RHIC Detector Advisory Committee inaugural meeting December 2002 Detector Upgrades for 4 x L 0  40 x L 0 -- proposal-driven projects. ($2M threshold for MIE; $5M threshold for “Major Project”)

14. RHIC Computing Facility... 229 Terabytes of raw data recorded during FY 2000 - 2002 runs. RCF Intel Linux Processor Farm 2050 CPU Raw Data Recording Rate for STAR during 2001 Data Transfer and processing from all four experiments. FY 2003 capacity: 99,000 SPECint95 cpu processing (~2 Tflops) 118 Tbytes disk storage 4500 Tbytes robotic tape storage 2200 Mbyte/sec disk I/O capacity 40 Mbyte/sec

15. 20022003200420052006200720082009201020112012 <L 0 L0L0 2L 0 4L 0 8L 0 16L 0 40L 0 DAQ/FEE/trigger upgrades Vtx/PID/tracking upgrades Replace TPC STAR Detector Upgrades… Rough Time Scale Silicon Inner Tracker TPC/Hadron-blind detector/Aerogel DAQ/Trigger upgrades PHENIX R&D Construction Physics