1. THE MODERN PRESIDENCY FDR’s (1933-1945) LEGACY 1.) Increased public expectations and sense of perceived responsibility (emergency measures) 2.) Permanent agencies/programs 3.) Creation of Executive Office of the President (EOP) – moved BoB 4.) Impact on American Ideology and Party System 5.) Impact on defense/foreign policy

2. MODERN PRESIDENCY TRUMAN (1945-1953) Domestic policy: not much 1.) Employment Act of 1946: created CEA and ERP 2.) National Security Act of 1947: created NSC, NSA, CIA, DoD Korean War Steel strike: Youngstown Sheet and Tube vs. Sawyer

3. GROWTH OF EOP 1945820 19551221 19602779 19653307 (includes 1768 for OEO) 19725721 (peak) 19751801 19851549 19951555 20001665

4. MODERN PRESIDENCY EISENHOWER (1953-1961) Initial reticence on domestic policy Interested and successful at maintaining popularity: “Hidden-Hand Presidency” Organizational innovations 1.) Big increase in EOP 2.) First designated Chief of Staff 3.) Congressional liaison 4.) Tried to revitalize Cabinet

5. MODERN PRESIDENCY Congress Strikes Back (Again) 1.) War Powers Act 2.) Impoundment Control and Budget Act 3.) Case Act 4.) Federal Election Campaign Act 5.) Intelligence Reform---creation of House and Senate Intelligence Committees

6. MODERN PRESIDENCY NIXON (1969-1974) 1.) Began extended period of divided government (1969- 1993, except for 77-81) 2.) Early continuation of Great Society followed by increasing conservatism 3.) Began extended period of economic problems: wage and price controls, impoundment 4.) Pursued “secret war” in Cambodia 5.) Watergate and related stuff ---campaign “dirty tricks” by CREEP ---political interference with law enforcement agencies ---CIA covert operations