1. Warmup x/x/15 Not all mountains are volcanic. See if you can come up with at least one way a mountain could be formed that wouldn’t involve volcanoes. (hint: think tectonic plates) Objective Tonight’s Homework To learn about the different kinds of mountains that can be formed p 156: review 1, 2, 4, 6 Research on mountain chain

2. Types of Mountains There are a number of different types of mountains, and we classify them on how they were formed. The simplest variety are called fold mountains. If we have two sections of crust pushing towards each other, the rock and soil between will start to crumple and fold under the pressure. Usually, the low areas start to fill in with loose sediment.

3. Types of Mountains If the crust folds in a dome shape we call it an anticline. If it bends downward in a valley shape, we call it a syncline. (think: valley sinks) These can beanticlinesyncline on a really small scale like shown here, or on a larger scale, like entire mountains.

4. Types of Mountains

5. Another type of mountain landform happens when we have multiple fault sections (called blocks) all shift relative to each other. In a rift valley, we have two sections of land pulling apart. The ground between shifts, falling in some areas. This creates valleys called grabens. Africa’s Great Rift Valley is a perfect example of this.

6. Types of Mountains

7. We can also have numerous fault blocks all tilt a little sideways. This makes a zig-zag pattern of blocks, like shown below. These are called fault-block mountains. The Sierra- Nevadas are a perfect example of this kind of mountain.

8. Types of Mountains

9. If we get something like a syncline and anticline and apply it to a wide circular area, we can get domes and basins. In a dome, the center part is the oldest strata, with the younger material around the edges. In a basin, the youngest material is in the center, with the older material on the edges.

10. Types of Mountains Domes are usually caused by lava pushing upwards on the crust to make it bulge. Basins are formed when lava bubbles collapse

11. Mountain Ranges of the World Part of your homework for this week is going to relate to a paper Mr. C. is handing out. This paper lists 22 of the world’s major mountain ranges. Mr. C. is going to assign each of you to two of these (3 if you want extra credit). Your job (due Wednesday) is to do some quick research on what kind of mountain this range is and how it formed. (Like: “this range formed 20 million years ago when the X plate pushed into the Y plate”) On Wednesday, you’ll all share your results with each other to fill in everything on the back. You also need to color each of the words on the front, and then color in the associated mountain range with the same color.

12. Exit Question Which type of rock folding creates a dome shape? Anticline Syncline Bubble Cave Extreme None of the above