1. Immigration 1790-1860 By: Lauryn Walz

2. Irish and German Immigration by Decade, 1830-1900 YearsIrishGermans 1831-1840207,381152,454 1841-1850780,719434,626 1851-1860914,119951,667 1861-1870435,778787,468 1871-1880436,871718,182 1881-1890655,4821,452,970 1891-1900388,416505,152 Total3,818,7665,000,519

3. Irish Immigrants Potato Famine ● 2 million Irish moved to US ● Couldn’t buy property Almost half the population was farmers Depended on potatoes Crop failed Over 750,000 people starved to death ● Mostly young and literate in English

4. The Potato Famine

5. Irish Immigrants ● Entered workforce at the bottom of occupational ladder ● Took on dangerous jobs ● Women were servants or domestic workers ● Men worked in coal mines, built railroads and canals "[there was] an Irishman buried under every tie" http://cdn.loc.gov/master/afc/afc1999008/afc1999008_crf_mha161003.wav

6. German Immigrants Crop failures ● Revolutions of 1848 ● Material Goods ● Middle West: Wisconsin ● Better educated than the Americans ● Opposed slavery

7. German Immigrants 1800

8. Chinese Immigrants California Gold Rush ● Jobs on Transcontinental Railroad ● Early 1850s ● White violence against Chinese ● Law prohibiting the Chinese to testify against whites

9. Chinese Immigrants 1800s

10. Antiforeignism Immigrants angered American Nativists ● Fear of mixing “fair” blood with “inferior” blood ● American Protective Association - antiforeign ● 1885 - prohibited importation of immigrants under contract ● 1882 - law prohibiting Chinese Immigrants

11. Differences between Immigrants IrishGermansChineseEarly Immigrants Wealth statusVery poorModest amount of material goods Not well offPoor to middle class Reasons for immigration Potato FamineCrop failures and Revolutions of 1848 California Gold Rush and Transcontinent al Railroad Religious freedom and poor leaders

12. Places of Settlement and Occupations IrishGermansChinese Places of settlement cities where they landed Middle West; Wisconsin West Coast; California OccupationsCoalmines, railroads, canals, servants, domestic workers Skilled laborers: jewelry makers, manufacturers, cabinet makers, tailors, farmers Transcontinental Railroad and other railroads, mines

13. Discussion Questions Why do you think people came to America if they knew they were going to be treated poorly and discriminated against? ● Do you think any of the customs the immigrants had in their home countries were accepted in America? If so, which customs do you think were accepted? ● What sacrifices did they make when they decided to come to America?

14. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k3nKgKswlSA&hd=1

15. Sources Book, Inc. The World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago, IL: World Book, 2012. Print. "Chinese Immigration to the United States in the 1800s." Web. 3 Dec. 2015. Handlin, Oscar. The Uprooted. Boston: Little, Brown, 1951. Print. "Irish - Joining the Workforce." Library of Congress. Web. 3 Dec. 2015. "Irish and German Immigration." US History. Independence Hall Association. Web. 3 Dec. 2015. Kennedy, David M., Lizabeth Cohen, and Thomas A. Bailey. The American Pageant. 12th ed. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2002. Print. Reimers, David M. The Immigrant Experience. New York: Chelsea House, 1989. Print. "Unit 1- Immigration in the Late 19th and Early 20th Century." Department of History and Social Studies. Web. 3 Dec. 2015.