1. Students should “be conversant not only with the language of biology but also with the languages of mathematics, computation, and the physical sciences” Goals of a Bioscience Curriculum Bialek & Botstein 2004, Science 303:788

2. Courses are science Gen Ed; not bio focused Students don’t make bio connections Skills learned are not used in Biology Courses Required Courses Biology Students Math Dept Physics Dept CIS Dept Chemistry Dept 1 sem. 2 sem. 0 sem. 4 sem.

3. Science Education Pathways Engineering, Mathematics, Physics –Mathematical Competence (ode, pde, linear algebra) –Creation and Use of Custom Software –Educational goals are focused on understanding principles and developing reasoning skills Life Sciences (Biology, Psychology etc.) –Mathematics not beyond introductory calculus and possibly introductory statistics –Standard Software; little to no programming skills required –Focus is mastering large arrays of facts Chemistry and Computer Sciences (in between two extremes)

4. Solutions Biologists must become comfortable teaching mathematical principles in biology courses (White paper 3) Universities must develop integrative and/or interdisciplinary approaches to learning (White Paper 2; Majors and Minors) Mathematicians must learn to apply biological examples in their course, much as they currently do for physics and engineering majors. (White Paper 1)