1. A Brand new neutrino detector 「 SciBar 」 (2) Y. Takubo (Osaka) - Readout Electronics - Introduction Readout electronics Cosmic ray trigger modules Conclusion

2. SciBar detector Extruded scintillator (15t) Multi-anode PMT (64 ch.) Wave-length shifting fiber EM calorimeter 1.7m 3m Stopping  2.5 x 1.3 x 300 cm 3 scintillator strips Extruded scintillator with WLS fiber readout ~15000 channels Light yield 7~20p.e./MIP/cm (2 MeV) Requirement for p/π separation Dynamic range>10.6MIP(286p.e.)

3. Detector Components DAQ board 64ch MAPMT Front-end board AMT Trigger board Timing distributor

4. Requirement to readout electronics  Fast trigger (Bunch identification)  Large number of channel (~15,000) compact photo-detector and circuit VA/TA front-end electronics DAQ board (VME) AMT, Timing distributor  Large dynamic range (1 p.e. ~ 300 p.e.) for proton energy reconstruction  High sensitivity (MIP : 7 ~ 20 p.e./1strip) Noise level < l p.e. (0.08 pC)

5. Readout Electronics multiplexer sample&hold slow shaper preamp. fast shaper discri. CH1 CH2 CH32 32ch VA serial output TA (32ch OR) hold PMT signal ∝ charge 1.2  s VATA Chip Front-end board (Energy information) (Timing information) A front-end board has two VATA chips. VA/TA chip VATA is used for MAPMT for the first time.

6. DAQ board DAQ board is custom module for SciBar readout. Control of VA readout sequence Setting of VA trigger threshold VA serial output is digitized by FADC (dynamic range ~300 p.e.) 8 front-end board (512 ch) are connected to one DAQ board. 8 front-end boards(8×64ch ） 16ch×2 TA signal All channels (~15,000) are read by only 28 DAQ boards. VME bus Timing distributor

7. Timing Distributor VME 6U module that distributes timing signals to DAQ boards through the bus. 4ch NIM I/O on main board + 2 daughter boards 16ch NIM I/O Daughter board FPGA 16ch NIM I/O 16×2ch LVDS/ECL Input DAQ board Flexible data processing is realized using FPGA.

8. AMT Develop as Atlas Muon TDC(AMT) VME 6U module Multi-hit TDC 64 channel in a module 100 usec full scale 0.78 nsec/count 64 TA signals All TA signals (448 ch) are read by 8 AMTs

9. Basic performance of VATA readout TA threshold curve Gain: 80count / pC ~6count / p.e. < Pedestal( ~1.5count) entries 5% non-linearity < 24pC(300p.e.) Gain distribution (all channels) Gain linearity TA threshold canbe set ~0.4 p.e. without noise hit. 40 80 20 60 TA threshold (mV) 600 400 200 Trigger efficiency (%) 0 Gain (ADC count / pC) 80 100 60 40 1000 2000 3000 4000 ADC cont Input charge (pC) 0 2040 Noise hit

10. Timing resolution Timing resolution = 1.84/√2 = 1.30 nsec  = 1.84 nsec 0 -10 10 Timing resolution is estimated by comparing timing of 2 channels. Cosmic ray event is used to estimate timing resolution. nsec Q(ADC) 0 -15 15 T(nsec) 0 200 400 TQ correction Correction of light propagation time in a fiber = 4.03/√2 = 2.85 nsec  = 4.03 nsec Timing resolution 0-1010 nsec

11. Track direction ID by TOF Direction ID probability = 89.3%  T (nsec) T1T1 T3T3 z1 z8 Track length = 50.5 cm 0-10 10 3 super-layer penetration

12. Achieved performance 5 % non-linearity at 300p.e. Noise level < 1 p.e.    = 1.3 nsec p/  separation, momentum reconstruction Uniform hit efficiency Additional information for tracking Neutrino event identification from neutron B.G.

13. Trigger scheme

14. Cosmic ray trigger modules beampedestalLEDcosmic Time 2.2 sec Data taking cycle Cosmic ray data is taken for the calibration in the off-spill. Trigger board is developed to take cosmic ray event effectively in the off-spill time

15. Logic for cosmic ray trigger Master trigger board Trigger Board Identification of hit track Make matching with two trigger signals 7 DAQ Board 112 TA A half of the TA channels (224ch/448ch) are used for cosmic ray trigger. Top & side view Trigger Board

16. Front panel : input 128 (16×8) ch LVDS/ECL Back plane : output 16ch LVDS/ECL VME 9U module input : 128 ch (16×8) Output : 16 ch FPGA decide to make trigger signal. Output : 1ch Using FPGA, trigger logic can be easily implemented for any combinations of 128 inputs.

17. Current status of cosmic ray event Azimuth angle (degree) Zenith angle(degree) Horizontal line Current cosmic ray trigger takes all though going muons -800 80 -80 0 80 Z(cm) Horizontal position(cm) 0 80 160 150 250 ν 0 80 160 Vertical position(cm) 150 250 Z(cm) New trigger design is prepared to get horizontal events and uniform hit distribution. Hit distribution Angle distribution

18. Trigger Design Preparing hit patterns, track pattern matching them is selected. Track with less than 45 degree of zenith angle is taken. Trigger is generated, based on the hit pattern identification. Horizontally through-going muons are taken for calibration effectively. Distribution of cosmic ray hits is uniform. TA signals are trigger board inputs. Requirement Trigger design

19. Event display of cosmic ray event Top View Side View μ μ

20. Event display of stopping  event μμ Side Top e e

21. Summary SciBar detector uses VATA readout system. It has 5 % non-linearity at 300p.e., and its noise level is less than 1 p.e..That satisfies required performance. Trigger board is used for cosmic ray trigger, and upgrade trigger logic is prepared for effective data taking. All readout system is working well.

22. Omake

23. Principle of VATA readout 1.  s Pre-amp Fast-shaper TA Slow-shaper Hold_b outm 32ch VA serial output

24. Multi-anode PMT Hamamatsu H7546 type 64-channel PMT –2 x 2 mm 2 pixel –Bialkali photo-cathode –Compact –Low power : < 1000V, < 0.5mA –Gain : 6 x 10 5 –Cross talk : ~3% –Gain uniformity : ~20% (RMS) –Linearity : ~200 p.e. @ 6 x 10 5 Top view

25. Scintillator & WLS Fiber Kuraray –Y11(200)MS 1.5mmφ –Multi-clad Attenuation length ~3.6m Absorption peak ~430nm Emission peak ~476nm Charged particle Wave-length Shifting Fiber Scintillator Size : 1.3×2.5×300 cm 3 Peak of emission spectrum : 420 nm TiO 2 reflector (white) : 0.25 mm thick 2.5cm 1.3 cm 300 cm 1.8 mmφ

26. Achieved Performance & Current Status of Cosmic ray trigger Decision time is 100 nsec. Single rate of one TA is about 100 Hz. Trigger rate is about 100 Hz. Data acquisition rate is about 20 Hz. Achieved performance We now use a trigger logic for the commissioning. We make “or” signals of every other layer, and make coincident with those of the top and side separately. We make “and” signal of the top and side. Current Status

27. Estimation of direction ID z1 z8 T1T1 T2T2  T =Σ   T i +  T i  i=n/2+1 n T1T1 T2T2 TnTn i=0 n/2 Top&S ide Top or Side view  T > 0 : forward direction  T < 0 : backward direction forward backward Track direction is identified by timing information.  T = Σ (T 2  T 1 ) Top& Side If n > 2,

28. 2 super-layer penetration  T (nsec) 0-10 10 Track length = 25.2 cm T1T1 T2T2 z1 z8 Direction ID probability = 72.5% Cosmic ray

29. 3 super-layer penetration Direction ID probability = 89.3%  T (nsec) T1T1 T3T3 z1 z8 Track length = 50.5 cm 0-10 10

30. Hit distribution of cosmic ray event Z(cm) Horizontal position(cm) Z(cm) Vertical position(cm) 0 80160 0 80160 150 250 150 250 νν