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Published byPiers Walters Modified over 8 years ago
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Antar Abdellah
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What is speaking? Producing comprehendible sounds
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Meaningful communication verbal nonverbal ClarityTone movement eyeheadhandbody Facial expressions objects gestures
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Familiarize Ss with nonverbal features Enable Ss to practice speaking fluently Involve Ss in classroom interaction Train Ss on correct pronunciation Train Ss on correct intonation, and tone.
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1- A competent teacher 2- classroom atmosphere 3- opportunity for Ss ’ participation 4- clear objectives and ideas 5- knowledge of functional expressions 6- variety of learning activities 7- communication depending on the situation 8- who, to whom, where and why?
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1. T says sentence at normal speed 2. advanced Ss repeat in a natural voice Chorus repetition Single repetition Gently correct Ss exchange sentences in dialogues in pair or group work.
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Ss repeat several times Ss may refer to a script Ss refine their tones Ss say it without script Ss improvise
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T gives a statement S completes to start a story next S moves on, connected ideas T occasionally asks a S to recall T corrects mistakes gently
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T mimes a scene T indicates situation and place Ss are aware of the basic vocabulary Sequence of actions T mimes, Ss produce sentences describing the scene Ss mime, other Ss describe the scene.
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T encourages Ss to select a topic (my country, my school, my family…) T provides Ss with needed vocabulary and resources Ss prepare a speech at home, written Ss practice saying the report orally each in turn Ss say it without the script Rest of class ask questions
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Similar to a dialogue but more open and informal Ss develop a script at home They play roles in the conversation A lot of students can take place in the conversation active participation is encouraged
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T selects a scene from the course Ss train on script Ss train on correct pronunciation Ss play the scene in front of the class Ss say the lines with spirit T encourages, and does not correct
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An interview is easier than a dialogue Because there is one person only who does the answering The class can interview the teacher Then advanced students can be interviewed by the rest of the class
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Class is divided into groups Each group is assigned a task to solve T provides groups with needed vocabulary for solution Ss work to find a solution for the problem, providing justifications Groups display their solutions, rest of class ask and the group defends their solution T corrects gently
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Ss listen to sounds, words, sentences, dialogues and pronounce Can be done through repetition Repetition drill can take the form of substitutions: T: My book was lost S: my book was lost T: the English S: the English book was lost
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Ss have developed some control over grammar, and functions and increased their competence thro ’ practice Social formulas; greeting, apologizing … T should make clear the setting, the action, the emotion, and the function. A lot of activities can take place in this stage
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- Q & A exchange Dialogue adaptation Directed discourse Oral guessing games Prepared talks Informative sentences
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Ss now master the machinery for expression They are confident and stimulated to participate in wider and interesting topics Most of the activities done here are in group work with problem solving, role playing, dramatization … etc. T can give Ss notes including the needed vocabulary for a topic Ss are encourage to use WH Qs rather than Yes/no Qs.
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Activities in this stage include: 1- Dialogues: open, left to spontaneous reaction. 2- Interview: One interviewee and the rest of the class are interviewers 3- Role-play: situation and conflict 4- problem solving: Ss take a stand to solve the problem 5- Debates: arguments and counter arguments.
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