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Sarah Abelen and Florian Seitz Earth Oriented Space Science and Technology (ESPACE) IAPG, TUM Geodätische Woche 2010 Contributions of different water storage.

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Presentation on theme: "Sarah Abelen and Florian Seitz Earth Oriented Space Science and Technology (ESPACE) IAPG, TUM Geodätische Woche 2010 Contributions of different water storage."— Presentation transcript:

1 Sarah Abelen and Florian Seitz Earth Oriented Space Science and Technology (ESPACE) IAPG, TUM Geodätische Woche 2010 Contributions of different water storage compartments to total storage change from multi-sensor analysis

2 Introduction 07.10.2010Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro2

3 CLIVAR-Hydro  Signals of Climate Variability in Continental Hydrology from Multi- Sensor Space and In-situ Observations and Hydrological Modeling 07.10.2010Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro3 ObjectMeanTarget Researchers Continental Hydrology 3 PhD Students + Multi-Sensor Space Observations In-situ Observations Hydrological Modeling Signals of Climate Variability

4 Concept 07.10.2010Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro4 Gravimetry Ground Water Soil Moisture Snow Water and Ice Surface Water Schönheinz D., BTU-Cottbus

5 Soil Moisture 07.10.2010Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro5

6 Theory  Basic Principle: Fresnel reflection equation Reflectivity of the ground ( r ) for a certain polarization ( H or V ) depends on:  the viewing angle of the sensor ( Ѳ )  the dielectric constant ( k )  depends on the constituents of the ground (air, soil, water) Example: dry soil:k = 5 water: k = 80 07.10.2010Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro6 Jackson 2005 Jackson 2002

7 Passive vs. Active Sensors 07.10.2010Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro7 Sensor TypePassiveActive Measured Quantitybrightness temperaturebackscattering coefficient Connection to Reflectivity emissivity = 1 – reflectivity requires k and the surface height std to solve for SM Problemsvegetation geometric properties of the soil surface and vegetation Data Products AMSR-E (Aqua), MIRAS (SMOS) ASCAT (MetOp)  AMSR-E = Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS  Time span: 2002 – present  Pixel size: 25 km x 25 km (of data products)  Largest wavelength: 4.3 cm = 6.9 GHz (C-Band) Njoku et al. 2003

8 AMSR-E Data 07.10.2010Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro8

9 Monthly Soil Moisture 07.10.2010Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro9

10 Selection of the Test-Site 20.03.2016Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro10

11 Limitations  Gravimetric changes (GRACE) can be identified in regions with: 1.High soil moisture (≥ 20 kg/m 2 ) Example: 20 kg/m 2 = 0.2 g/cm 2 and 10 cm depth 2.Strong variation in soil moisture 3.Large spatial extend (> 300 km x 300 km)  Soil moisture (AMSR-E) can be acquired in regions with: 4.Low vegetation water content (< 1.5 kg/m 2 ) 07.10.2010Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro11

12 Variation of Soil Moisture 07.10.2010Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro12 no changes in the deserts large changes in river basins Paraná River

13 Variation of Soil Moisture with Quality Mask 07.10.2010Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro13 mainly the deserts remain with small variations only few areas with larger variations remain

14 Mean of Soil Moisture with Quality Mask 07.10.2010Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro14 variation is high but the mean value is low

15 Summary and Outlook 07.10.2010Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro15

16 Summary and Outlook  Gravimetry  total change in water storage  Remote Sensing + In-situ  compartments (e.g. soil moisture)  Principle for Soil Moisture: Reflection  dielectric constant  water content  Soil moisture products exist for active and passive sensors  Problems AMSR-E:  vegetation water content (< 1.5 kg/m 2 )  mostly related to low variability / magnitude of soil moisture  Problems GRACE:  mass changes are small for soil moisture  lack of knowledge on depth of soil moisture (≤ 1 cm for C-Band) 07.10.2010Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro16

17 References Jackson, T., 2002. Remote sensing of soil moisture: implications for groundwater recharge. Hydrogeology Journal, 10(1), 40-51. Jackson, T., 2005. Soil Moisture. In Encyclopedia of soils in the environment. Elsevier, pp. 392-398. Njoku, E. et al., 2003. Soil moisture retrieval from AMSR-E. Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on, 41(2), 215-229. Njoku, E. 2004, updated daily. AMSR-E/Aqua L3 Surface Soil Moisture, Interpretive Parameters, & QC EASE-Grids V002, 01.07.2002 - 31.07.2010. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media. 07.10.2010Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro17

18 07.10.2010Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro18

19 AMSR-E  AMSR-E = Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E)  Space Agency:NASA  Satellite:Aqua (precipitation, evaporation, water cycle)  Data products:  Time span: 2002 – present  Spatial resolution: 25 km 2 (of data products)  Largest Wavelength: 4.3 cm = 6.9 GHz (C- Band) 07.10.2010Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro19  Soil Moisture  Vegetation Water content  Land-cover (10 types) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aqua_satellit e_simulation.jpg

20 Variation of Valid Soil Moisture 07.10.2010Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro20  No pronounced temporal variation  Vegetation Water Content is mostly below 1.5 kg/m 2

21 Integration of Other Data Sources 07.10.2010Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro21 2000

22 Test-Site Proposal 20.03.2016Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro22 35° Lat 35°- 65° Long

23 Annual Cycle 07.10.2010Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro23

24 Ancillary Data: Quality Control Flags 07.10.2010Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro24

25 Selection of one Grid Cell 07.10.2010Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro25

26 Soil Moisture: Time Variation 07.10.2010Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro26 Validity for Vegetation Water Content < 1.5 kg/m 2 Errorbar of 0.06 g/cm 3 Njoku et al. 2003  Soil Moisture goes up to 0.2 g/cm 2  Errorbar is relatively high  Limitation is the Vegetation Water Content

27 07.10.2010Sarah Abelen / CLIVAR-Hydro27 ObjectMeanTargetResearchers 2 Continental Hydrology 3 PhD Students + 3 Multi-Sensor Space Observations 4 In-situ Observations 5 Hydrological Modeling Signals of Climate Variability 1 Signals of Climate Variability

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