1. JAMES COKER, J. E. FURNEAUX, AND NEIL SHAFER-RAY UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2

2. Motivation

3. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 Motivation Experimental Method  spectroscopy cell  optical cavity  frequency x-axis

4. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 Motivation Experimental Method  spectroscopy cell  optical cavity  frequency x-axis 130 Te 2 Properties  basic  our findings

5. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 Motivation Experimental Method  spectroscopy cell  optical cavity  frequency x-axis 130 Te 2 Properties  basic  our findings Coming soon…

6. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 - Motivation

7. Widely used as a frequency reference

8. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 - Motivation Widely used as a frequency reference Large region documented, but features are buried about 18500 to 23800 cm -1

9. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 - Motivation Widely used as a frequency reference Large region documented, but features are buried Ground state well studied… J. Vergés et. al., Physica Scripta, Vol. 25, 338-350, (1982).

10. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 - Motivation Widely used as a frequency reference Large region documented, but features are buried Ground state well studied… but excited states not so much J. Vergés et. al., Physica Scripta, Vol. 25, 338-350, (1982).

11. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 - Motivation Widely used as a frequency reference Large region documented, but features are buried Ground state well studied… but excited states not so much We have two goals with this work:

12. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 - Motivation Widely used as a frequency reference Large region documented, but features are buried Ground state well studied… but excited states not so much We have two goals with this work: 1. to publish a few thousand frequency reference lines

13. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 - Motivation Widely used as a frequency reference Large region documented, but features are buried Ground state well studied… but excited states not so much We have two goals with this work: 1. to publish a few thousand frequency reference lines 2. to measure the spec. constants of the exc. states to unprecedented precision

14. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 – spectroscopy cell Saturated Absorption

15. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 – spectroscopy cell Saturated Absorption EM chopper

16. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 – optical cavity PZT fast feedback

17. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 – optical cavity PZT fast feedback TEHC slow feedback

18. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 – optical cavity PZT fast feedback TEHC slow feedback modulate IR to make sidebands

19. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 – optical cavity PZT fast feedback TEHC slow feedback modulate IR to make sidebands misaligned cavity and EOPM slightly ref: 2d/λ=q+π -1 (2p+l+1)cos -1 (1-d/R)

20. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 – frequency x-axis f(V g ) nonlinear, so we need a better f 0 and Δf V. Gerginov et. al., Phys. Rev. A 73, 032504 (2006).

21. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 – frequency x-axis f(V g ) nonlinear, so we need a better f 0 and Δf know FSR to < 1/10 5 yielding <30 MHz uncertainty for entire 4 THz interval V. Gerginov et. al., Phys. Rev. A 73, 032504 (2006).

22. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 – frequency x-axis f(V g ) nonlinear, so we need a better f 0 and Δf know FSR to < 1/10 5 yielding <30 MHz uncertainty for entire 4 THz interval know f 0 from Cs IR transition to ~few kHz (5p 6 6s, 2 S,½->5p 6 6p, 2 P 0, ½) found at 335208.052259 GHz – thanks Haoquan Fan! V. Gerginov et. al., Phys. Rev. A 73, 032504 (2006).

23. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 – frequency x-axis both images show 18 redundant data sets

24. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 – basic properties

25. J. Vergés et. al., Physica Scripta, Vol. 25, 338-350, 1982.

26. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 – basic properties J. Vergés et. al., Physica Scripta, Vol. 25, 338-350, 1982. Our observed transitions span 22348.7944 to 22582.2892 cm -1

27. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 – basic properties J. Vergés et. al., Physica Scripta, Vol. 25, 338-350, 1982. Our observed transitions span 22348.7944 to 22582.2892 cm -1 most of these are X0-B0 transitions

28. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 – basic properties J. Vergés et. al., Physica Scripta, Vol. 25, 338-350, 1982. Our observed transitions span 22348.7944 to 22582.2892 cm -1 most of these are X0-B0 transitions being Σ-Σ, HL factors => no Q branches *cross-pol SAS would weaken them anyway

29. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 – basic properties about 20 overlapping vibrational bands (just R branches shown above)

30. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 – basic properties about 20 overlapping vibrational bands (just R branches shown above) VERY HIGH line density (about 1 line per 2 GHz) right: just a small piece

31. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 – basic properties about 20 overlapping vibrational bands (just R branches shown above) VERY HIGH line density (about 1 line per 2 GHz) note that the Atlas had about 1 line per 12 GHz in this region

32. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 – basic properties about 20 overlapping vibrational bands (just R branches shown above) VERY HIGH line density (about 1 line per 2 GHz) note that the Atlas had about 1 line per 12 GHz in this region we aim to accomplish two things: 1.publish a few thousand frequency reference lines 2.advance characterization of the excited states (spectroscopic constants)

33. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 – our findings After x-axes are set and lines are fit to Lorentzians, we have over 3000 reference lines with ~10 MHz uncertainty or better

34. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 – our findings After x-axes are set and lines are fit to Lorentzians, we have over 3000 reference lines with ~10 MHz uncertainty or better The second task is much more difficult!

35. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 – our findings After x-axes are set and lines are fit to Lorentzians, we have over 3000 reference lines with ~10 MHz uncertainty or better The second task is much more difficult!  U(v,J) = T e + G(v) + B(v)  J  (J+1) – D(v)  J 2  (J+1) 2 + H(v)  J 3  (J+1) 3 This simplified Hamiltonian works well for 130 Te 2. The difficulty lies in the line density and the apparent ambiguity as to which line comes from which branch

36. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 – our findings After x-axes are set and lines are fit to Lorentzians, we have over 3000 reference lines with ~10 MHz uncertainty or better The second task is much more difficult!  U(v,J) = T e + G(v) + B(v)  J  (J+1) – D(v)  J 2  (J+1) 2 + H(v)  J 3  (J+1) 3 This simplified Hamiltonian works well for 130 Te 2. The difficulty lies in the line density and the apparent ambiguity as to which line comes from which branch  matched 3-7 and 5-10 bands. Most lines to 1/10 8, the rest 1/10 7  this yields G,B,D,H for B 0 state v=7 and 10. Need more band origins!

37. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 – coming soon For some perspective, here’s the old data to scale with the size of all the data we now have.

38. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 – coming soon For some perspective, here’s the old data to scale with the size of all the data we now have. After analysis we’ll have G,B,D and H in the B 0 state for v=2,…,13

39. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 – coming soon… After having measured G,B,D, and H we’ll have a good measure of these constants, allowing thorough characterization of the B 0 state.

40. Precision Spectroscopy of 130 Te 2 – coming soon… After having measured G,B,D, and H we’ll have a good measure of these constants, allowing thorough characterization of the B 0 state. We have also observed what appear to be Q branches. After we’ve assigned all the aforementioned bands of X0-B0, it’s possible we can begin to characterize a Π or Δ state next. J. Vergés et. al., Physica Scripta, Vol. 25, 338-350, (1982).

41. Acknowledgements Neil Shafer-Ray, Professor, deceased James CokerJohn Furneaux Ph.D. studentProfessor James O’Doherty Undergraduate