1. Articulate ! Line up, each person will choose one of these cards and then describe the word on there! Table who gets most answers wins!

2. Learning Outcomes Compare the two types of skeletal muscle found in the body. Identify sports which show preference of one muscle type to the other. Debate on the potential racial problems the genetic information has arisen.

3. Many differences between them, key ones are –Slow (1) contract slower, contract for longer, predominantly used aerobic respiration, so many mitochondia, large blood supply and major fuel source are fats –Fast (2) contract fast, for short periods of time, [predominantly use glycolysis, so fewer mitochondria, smaller blood supply and major fuel is glycogen and creatine phosphate. See table 7.1 p115 Muscle Fibres 2 types of muscle fibres; –Type 1 slow-twitch muscle fibres –Type 2 fast-twitch muscle fibres

4. Which sport suits which muscle type? –Slow (1) contract slower, contract for longer, predominantly used aerobic respiration, so many mitochondia, large blood supply and major fuel source are fats –Fast (2) contract fast, for short periods of time, [predominantly use glycolysis, so fewer mitochondria, smaller blood supply and major fuel is glycogen and creatine phosphate. Put these sports against which do you think would be suited better; Weightlifting, long distance running, 200m sprint, cycling, cross country ski-ing, 100m hurdles?

5. Which sport suits which muscle type? –Slow (1) contract slower, contract for longer, predominantly used aerobic respiration, so many mitochondia, large blood supply and major fuel source are fats –Fast (2) contract fast, for short periods of time, [predominantly use glycolysis, so fewer mitochondria, smaller blood supply and major fuel is glycogen and creatine phosphate. long distance running, cycling, cross country ski-ing, Weightlifting, 200m sprint, 100m hurdles

6. Demonstrate your knowledge Answer the questions Extension Question How could you tell the difference between fast (II) twitch muscle and slow (I) twitch muscle? Think about their properties....

7. Myoglobin Haemoglobin in rbc store O 2 Myoglobin in muscle (protein) cells store O 2 Myoglobin has higher affinity than haemoglobin, thus able to receive O2 from blood supply. O 2 need more in slow twitch muscles – why? Mainly aerobic pathway, so more O2 needed, hence more blood capillaries.

8. Distribution of Fibre Types All muscle composed of Slow Twitch (I) ST and Fast Twitch (II) FT fibres Most individuals possess between 45 and 55% ST Distribution varies from muscle to muscle within an individual; Eg. posture mainly ST eye ball mainly FT

9. Does it difference if you’re black or white? Alan Wells, 100m gold Olympic medallist winner in 1980. Current Scottish record holder with time of 10.1s August 2012 BBC Interview with Gabby Logan. Gabby Logan “Describe his emotions when he won the Olympic 100m final in Moscow in 1980”. Eventually Alan Wells said: "Well, that was the last time a white man was in the Olympic final. And I managed to win it as well."

10. Does it difference if you’re black or white? Incontestable statement – but any truth to it? Jon Entine book enflamed racism in sport. 494 of the 500 fastest times, only 1 in top 71 are white (Christophe Lemaitre) ACTN3 gene predominant fast-twitch muscle fibres and that the "sprint" version of this gene.

11. Does it difference if you’re black or white? ACTN3 is more common among Jamaicans than other populations, 98 per cent of Jamaicans have the relevant gene, so, too, do 82 per cent of Europeans! Kenyans (who win distance events but have virtually no success in sprinting) have an even higher frequency of the relevant gene than Jamaicans! So not just genetic then? Cultural and nurture of training!

12. Choose one and justify your choice... MyoglobinFast SwitchType I muscles fibres GlycolysisCitric Acid CycleElectron Transport Chain Lactic Acid metabolism Citric Acid CycleCreatine phosphate system ProteinsFatsCarbohydrates ATP synthasePhosphorylationDehydrogenase ATPCatabolicPhosphofructokinase Odd one Out

13. SQA Arrangements p26-7 The two different types of skeletal muscle fibres are slow twitch (type 1) muscle fibres and fast twitch (type 2) muscle fibres. Slow twitch muscle fibres contract more slowly, but can sustain contractions for longer. These muscle fibres are good for endurance activities like long distance running, cycling or cross- country skiing. Slow twitch muscle fibres rely on aerobic respiration to generate ATP and have many mitochondria, a large blood supply and a high concentration of the oxygen storing protein myoglobin. The major storage fuel of slow twitch muscles fibres is fats.

14. Fast twitch muscle fibres contract more quickly, but cannot sustain contractions for as long as slow twitch muscle fibres. These muscle fibres are good for activities like sprinting or weightlifting. Fast twitch muscle fibres can generate ATP through glycolysis only and have few mitochondria and a lower blood supply than slow twitch muscle fibres. The major storage fuels of fast twitch muscles fibres are glycogen and creatine phosphate.