1. Monday, August 10 th As you come in, grab a SAFETY COMPETITION sheet off the front table. Please read through the instructions. I will answer more questions soon:) IF YOU HAVE PAPER WORK TO TURN IN FIND YOUR CLASS BASKET IN THE FUME HOOD! CLASSBASKET 1 st PURPLE 2 nd GRAY 3 rd BLUE 4 th PINK 5 th GREEN 7 th ORANGE

2. Do I know everything about this class? Pencil sharpener Paper Turn in Basket Dress Code Technology Usage Emergency Procedures Student Storage Shelfs Tape Storage Trashcans Sinks Entrances/Exits

3. Lab Safety Competition In your group you will be given 8 scenarios. There are 13 rules that could possibly match each scenario. As your group reads through each scenario, try & match the correct rule that goes with it, sometimes there can be more than 1 that matches RECORD ON YOUR TABLE, everyone in the group must have recorded the answers in the table. Once your group thinks that you have it all right, call me over (politely) to get approved to move on to the next phase in the competition. First group to win gets a freeze pops!!

4. Lab Safety test  You must make a 100 in order to be considered passing  You can retake it as many times until you pass

5. Tuesday, August 11 th As you come in, please make sure to grab a, GRAPHING INSTRUCTIONS SHEET, a calculator and a ruler off the demo table. Start reading the GRAPHING INSTRUCTIONS SHEET. You will have 15 minutes to finish reading starting when the bell rings. After you finish reading, define the highlighted terms in your vocab section of your spiral. Title the page: “Graphing Vocab” IF YOU HAVE PAPER WORK TO TURN IN FIND YOUR CLASS BASKET IN THE FUME HOOD!

6. Graphing Why even? Tools to use: A PENCIL AND AN ERASER Terms to know: 1.Independent Variable 2.Dependent Variable 3.Scales of each variable 4.Legend 5.Axis Plotting your data points Care Follow up Questions: 1.What are 5 major components of a graph? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2.How do you define the range/scale of a graph?

7. Practice Average Height (cm) Micrograms of Gib. Hormone (ug) 0 0.13 0.26 0.39 0.52 0.65 0.78 0.91 1.04 1.17 1.3 1.43 1.56 1.69 1.82 1.95 2.08 2.21 2.34 120 112 104 96 88 80 72 64 56 48 40 32 24 16 8 0 The Effect of Gib. Hormone on Corn Plant Height

8. Wednesday, August 12 th DO NOT TOUCH ANYTHING AT THE LAB STATIONS! As you come in, pick up a Metric System Lab. Get out your graphing packet from yesterday and your spiral!!!! LAB SAFETY TEST FIRST THING THURSDAY!! We will review before the test!!

9. Practice Average Height (cm) Micrograms of Gib. Hormone (ug) 0 0.13 0.26 0.39 0.52 0.65 0.78 0.91 1.04 1.17 1.3 1.43 1.56 1.69 1.82 1.95 2.08 2.21 2.34 120 112 104 96 88 80 72 64 56 48 40 32 24 16 8 0 The Effect of Gib. Hormone on Corn Plant Height

10. Lab Safety Practice / Metrics Intro We will be completing a station lab today to help introduce the metric system. What is the metric system? Place Value of Metric Prefixes

14. Things to remember at Lab You must plug the scale into the lab table to make it work, the socket must have a green light, push in the “trip” button if it does not have a green light How to read a graduated cylinder… Types of rocks & their uses What to do when you are done with the rocks test tubes Beakers Lab

15. Thursday, August 13 th As you come in, please make sure you have a pencil to take your lab safety test with & grab a BUBBLE SHEET from the desk. We will be taking notes on microscopes after our test. Complete the bell work on the right in your graphing packet, this is problem #2 The rate of respiration of a freshwater sunfish was determined at different temperatures. The rate of respiration was determined by counting the number of times the gill covers of the fish opened and closed during 1 minute intervals at the various temperatures. The following data were collected. Graphing Practice BELLWORK!!!

16. Practice Gill Cover Opening/Closing Per Minutes Temperature (C) 0 1.8 3.60 5.4 7.2 9.00 10.8 12.7 14.5 16.3 18.1 19.9 21.7 23.5 25.3 27.1 28.9 30.7 37.5 35 32.5 30 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 15 12.5 10 7.5 5 2.5 0 The Effect of Temperature on Gill Cover Opening/Closing The rate of respiration of a freshwater sunfish was determined at different temperatures. The rate of respiration was determined by counting the number of times the gill covers of the fish opened and closed during 1 minute intervals at the various temperatures. The following data were collected.

17. Lab Safety What do you do if you want to smell a chemical? Where can you find the fire extinguisher/blanket? What does the black panic button do? What types of shoes should you wear? What do you do when you enter the room? What do you do when you cut your hand? What do you do when you break glassware? How do you heat-up a test tube? What do you do if your equipment isn’t working correctly?

18. Circa 1000AD – The first vision aid was invented (inventor unknown) called a reading stone. It was a glass sphere that magnified when laid on top of reading materials. 1

19. 1590 – Two Dutch eye glass makers, Zaccharias Janssen and son Hans Janssen experimented with multiple lenses placed in a tube. Observed that viewed objects in front of the tube appeared greatly enlarged, creating both the forerunner of the compound microscope and the telescope. Zacharias Jansen 1588-1631 The “First” Microscope 2

20. A dissection microscope is light illuminated. The image that appears is three dimensional. It is used for dissection to get a better look at the larger specimen. You cannot see individual cells because it has a low magnification. (also called stereo microscope) 3

21. Sunflower with moth pupa in the stem 10x Head of a moth pupa 60x 4

22. 1665 –Robert Hooke Looked at a sliver of cork through a microscope lens and noticed some "pores" or "cells" in it. 5

23. 1903 – Richard Zsigmondy developed the ultramicroscope study objects below the wavelength of light. Won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1925. 6

24. 1932 – Frits Zernike invented the phase- contrast microscope Allowed for the study of colorless and transparent biological materials Won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1953. 7

25. SEM use electron illumination. The image is seen in 3-D. It has high magnification and high resolution. The specimen is coated in gold and the electrons bounce off to give you and exterior view of the specimen. The pictures are in black and white. 8

26. 1931 – Ernst Ruska co-invented the electron microscope for which he won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986. An electron microscope depends on electrons rather than light to view an object. Make it possible to view objects as small as the diameter of an atom mitochondrion bacillus bacteria dividing Transmission election microscope 9

27. cockroach antenna pigeon blood 10

28. 11

29. 1981 – Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer invented the scanning tunneling microscope that gives three- dimensional images of objects down to the atomic level. Won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986. The strongest microscope to date. 12

30. Compound Microscope Dissection Microscope Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) 13

31. How a Microscope Works Ocular Lens (Magnifies Image) Objective Lens (Gathers Light, Magnifies And Focuses Image Inside Body Tube) Body Tube (Image Focuses) Bending Light: The objective (bottom) convex lens magnifies and focuses (bends) the image inside the body tube and the ocular convex (top) lens of a microscope magnifies it (again). 14

32. Body Tube Nosepiece Objectives Stage Clips Light Ocular lens (Eyepiece) Arm Stage Coarse Adjustment Fine Adjustment Always carry a microscope with one hand holding the arm and one hand under the base. Base Diaphragm 15

33. Frog’s blood 1,000x Paulownia Wood c.s. 200x 16

34. What’s my power? To calculate the power of magnification, multiply the power of the ocular lens by the power of the objective. What are the powers of magnification for each of the objectives we have on our microscopes? 17

35. Comparing Powers of Magnification We can see better details with higher powers of magnification, but we cannot see as much of the image. Which of these images would be viewed at a higher power of magnification? 18

36. Start on the lowest magnification Don’t use the coarse adjustment knob on high magnification…you’ll break the slide!!! Place slide on stage and lock clips Adjust light source (if it’s a mirror…don’t stand in front of it!) Use fine adjustment to focus Always carry with 2 hands Never touch the lenses with your fingers. Only use lens paper for cleaning Do not force knobs Keep objects clear of desk and cords When you are finished with your "scope", rotate the nosepiece so that it's on the low power objective, roll the stage down to lowest level, rubber band the cord, then replace the dust cover. 19

37. Ocular lens Body Tube Revolving Nosepiece Arm Objective Lens Stage Stage Clips Coarse adjustment knob Fine adjustment knob Base Diaphragm Light

38. Ocular lens magnifies; where you look through to see the image of your specimen. They are usually 10X or 15X power. Our microscopes have an ocular lens power of 10x. 20

39. arm supports the tube and connects it to the base 21

40. stage the flat platform where you place your slides 22

41. coarse adjustment knob moves stage (or body tube) up and down 23

42. fine adjustment knob small, round knob on the side of the microscope used to fine-tune the focus of your specimen after using the coarse adjustment knob 24

43. base the bottom of the microscope, used for support 25

44. body tube connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses 26

45. revolving nosepiece the part that holds two or more objective lenses and can be rotated to easily change power 27

46. objective lens Adds to the magnification Usually you will find 3 or 4 objective lenses on a microscope. They almost Always contain powers: 4X (scanning) 10X (low) 40X(high) 100X (oil) 28

47. stage clips Stage clips hold the slides in place. If your microscope has a mechanical stage, you will be able to move the slide around by turning two knobs. One moves it left and right, the other moves it up and down. 29

48. diaphragm controls the amount of light going through the specimen Many microscopes have a rotating disk under the stage. This diaphragm has different sized holes and is used to vary the intensity and size of the cone of light 30

49. Proper way to focus a microscope: start with the lowest power objective lens first while looking from the side, crank the lens down as close to the specimen as possible without touching it. Look through the eyepiece lens and focus upward only until the image is sharp. If you can't get it in focus, repeat the process again.

50. Proper way to focus a microscope: Once the image is sharp with the low power lens, you should be able to simply click in the next power lens and do minor adjustments with the focus knob. If your microscope has a fine focus adjustment, turning it a bit should be all that's necessary. DO NOT USE COARSE ADJUSTMENT ONCE YOU HAVE MOVED TO A HIGHER OBJECTIVE!!!!

51. FRIday, August 14 th As you come in, please make sure you have a pencil to take your Biology PreTest with & grab a BUBBLE SHEET from the desk. Complete the bell work on the right in your graphing packet, this is problem #3 A student counted the total number of leaves in a group of duckweed plants (Lemna gibba) over a 5-day period. The data collected are shown in the table below. Graphing Practice BELLWORK!!!

52. Practice Number of Leaves Time (days) 0 1 2 3 4 5 80 72 64 56 48 40 32 24 16 8 0 The Growth of Duckweed Leaves over a 5 day period A student counted the total number of leaves in a group of duckweed plants (Lemna gibba) over a 5-day period. The data collected are shown in the table below.