1. BODY PLANES, DIRECTIONS, CAVITIES

2. BODY PLANES
LINE THROUGH THE BODY AT VARIOUS PARTS TO SEPARATE THE BODY INTO SECTIONS

3. TRANSVERSE PLANE
ONE OF THREE MAIN PLANES
DIVIDES BODY INTO TOP AND BOTTOM HALF

4. SUPERIOR/INFERIOR
BODY PARTS ABOVE OTHER PARTS – Superior
Example: nose is superior to the mouth
BODY PARTS BELOW OTHER PARTS – Inferior
Example: the abdomen is inferior to the head.

5. ANOTHER EXAMPLE
THE ANKLE IS SUPERIOR TO THE FOOT BUT INFERIOR TO THE KNEE

6. CRANIAL/CAUDAL BODY PARTS LOCATED NEAR THE HEAD
BODY PARTS LOCATED NEAR THE SACRAL REGION OF THE SPINAL COLUMN OR TAIL

7. MIDSAGITTAL OR MEDIAN PLANE
DIVIDES THE BODY
INTO RIGHT AND LEFT
SIDES

8. MEDIAL/LATERAL
BODY PARTS
CLOSE TO MIDLINE
OR PLANE
BODY PARTS AWAY
FROM THE MIDLINE

9. FRONTAL OR CORONAL
THIRD PLANE OF
THE BODY
DIVIDES THE BODY
INTO FRONT AND
BACK SECTIONS

10. VENTRAL OR DORSAL (ANTERIOR OR POSTERIOR)
VENTRAL - BODY PARTS IN
FRONT OF THE BODY
DORSAL – BODY PARTS IN
BACK OF BODY

11. PROXIMAL AND DISTAL TWO OTHER DIRECTIONAL TERMS
USED TO DESCRIBE RELATIONSHIP TO

12. PROXIMAL BODY PARTS CLOSE TO THE POINT OF REFERENCE
EXAMPLE MAIN TRUNK OF THE BODY IS A POINT OF REFERENCE TO THE ARMS AND LEGS

13. DISTAL BODY PARTS AWAY FROM THE POINT OF REFERENCE
EXAMPLE: TOES ARE DISTAL TO THE THIGH

14. BODY CAVITIES
SPACES WITHIN THE BODY THAT CONTAIN VITAL ORGANS

15. DORSAL OR POSTERIOR CAVITY
ONE OF TWO MAIN BODY CAVITIES
ONE LONG CONTINUOUS CAVITY ON BACK OF THE BODY
DIVIDED INTO TWO SECTIONS
CRANIAL CAVITY
SPINAL CAVITY

17. THORACIC CAVITY CONTAINS HEART LUNGS, AND THE LARGE BLOOD VESSELS
LOCATED IN CHEST
CONTAINS HEART LUNGS, AND THE LARGE BLOOD VESSELS

18. ABDOMINAL CAVITY
DIVIDED INTO UPPER AND LOWER PART

19. UPPER ABDOMINAL CAVITY
STOMACH, SMALL INTESTINES, MOST OF LARGE INTESTINES, LIVER, GALLBLADDER, PANCREAS AND SPLEEN

20. LOWER ABDOMINAL CAVITY OR PELVIC CAVITY
CONTAINS URINARY BLADDER, REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS, AND LAST PART OF LARGE INTESTINES

21. QUADRANTS CREATES RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT (RUQ) LEFT UPPER QUADRANT (LUQ)
RIGHT LOWER QUADRANT (RLQ)
LEFT LOWER QUADRANT(LLQ)

22. ABDOMINAL REGIONS
DIVIDED INTO REGIONS OR SECTIONS BECAUSE IT IS SO LARGE
EPIGASTRIC – UPPER CENTER REGION ABOVE THE STOMACH
UMBILICAL – MIDDLE CENTER REGION BY BELLY BUTTON
HYPOGASTRIC (PELVIC) – LOWER CENTER AREA
HYPOCHONDRIAC – ON EITHER SIDE OF THE RIBS
LUMBAR – EITHER SIDE BY LARGE BONES OF SPINAL CORD
ILIAC (INGUINAL) – EITHER SIDE OF THE GROIN