1. Making Cladograms Visualizing Evolutionary Relationships

2. Essential Question(s) 1.How do phylogenetic trees and cladograms represent traits that are either derived or lost due to evolution.

3. Enduring Understandings 1.Create a phylogenetic tree or simple cladogram that correctly represents evolutionary history and speciation from a provided data set. 2.Evaluate evidence provided by a data set in conjunction with a phylogenetic tree or a simple cladogram to determine evolutionary history and speciation.

4. Modeling Directions While I model the process of creating a cladogram, capture the steps in the left-hand column of the space provided below. Capture the explanation of these steps and additional notes in the right-hand column. Record the cladogram in the space indicated. Prepare to answer the cladogram analysis questions to check your mastery of this process and the content underlying these principles

5. Steps to Building a Cladogram Organisms Vascular Tissue FlowersSeeds Mosses (bryophytes) 000 Pine Trees (gymnosperms) 101 Flowering Plants (angiosperms 111 Ferns (pteridophytes) 100 Total 312 1.Identify Outgroup Find the species that had none of these features This will be the outer branch – it has no known descendents 2.Draw Outgroup Select a point to the left of the page

6. Steps to Building a Cladogram Mosses Bryophytes

7. Steps to Building a Cladogram Organisms Vascular Tissue FlowersSeeds Mosses (bryophytes) 000 Pine Trees (gymnosperms) 101 Flowering Plants (angiosperms 111 Ferns (pteridophytes) 100 Total 312 3.ID Groups of lineages that share a derived character We hypothesize that they form a clade We don’t consider ancestral traits

8. Steps to Building a Cladogram Mosses Bryophytes Pine Trees Gymnosperms Flowering Plants Angiosperms

9. Steps to Building a Cladogram Organisms Vascular Tissue FlowersSeeds Mosses (bryophytes) 000 Pine Trees (gymnosperms) 101 Flowering Plants (angiosperms 111 Ferns (pteridophytes) 100 Total 312 3.ID Groups of lineages that share a derived character We hypothesize that they form a clade We don’t consider ancestral traits Repeat above step until you have put all species onto your tree

10. Steps to Building a Cladogram Mosses Bryophytes Pine Trees Gymnosperms Flowering Plants Angiosperms Ferns Pteridophytes

11. Steps to Building a Cladogram Organisms Vascular Tissue FlowersSeeds Mosses (bryophytes) 000 Pine Trees (gymnosperms) 101 Flowering Plants (angiosperms 111 Ferns (pteridophytes) 100 Total 312 4.Include Adaptations Identify the traits that arose throughout the cladogram

12. Steps to Building a Cladogram Mosses Bryophytes Pine Trees Gymnosperms Flowering Plants Angiosperms Ferns Pteridophytes Flowers

13. Steps to Building a Cladogram Organisms Vascular Tissue FlowersSeeds Mosses (bryophytes) 000 Pine Trees (gymnosperms) 101 Flowering Plants (angiosperms 111 Ferns (pteridophytes) 100 Total 312 4.Include Adaptations Identify the traits that arose throughout the cladogram

14. Steps to Building a Cladogram Mosses Bryophytes Pine Trees Gymnosperms Flowering Plants Angiosperms Ferns Pteridophytes Seeds Flowers

15. Steps to Building a Cladogram Organisms Vascular Tissue FlowersSeeds Mosses (bryophytes) 000 Pine Trees (gymnosperms) 101 Flowering Plants (angiosperms 111 Ferns (pteridophytes) 100 Total 312 4.Include Adaptations Identify the traits that arose throughout the cladogram

16. Steps to Building a Cladogram Mosses Bryophytes Pine Trees Gymnosperms Flowering Plants Angiosperms Ferns Pteridophytes Seeds Flowers Vascular Tissue

17. Paired Practice Directions Work with your peers at your table and use the steps described above to create a cladogram for the data provided below. As you work, annotate the data table provided to illustrate the steps being used. Record the cladogram in the space indicated on page 4. When you finish, begin answering the cladogram analysis questions without any instruction from me. These questions are designed to facilitate your analysis of the cladogram and to check your understanding of the underlying principles.

18. Paired Practice OrganismsVertebra Bony Skeleton Four Limbs Amniotic Egg Hair Post-Orbital Fenestrae Lancelet000000 Sharks100000 Ray-Finned Fish110000 Amphibians111000 Primates111110 Rodents and Rabbits 111110 Crocodiles and Relatives 111101 Dinosaurs and Birds 111101

19. Paired Practice Solution Sharks Ray-Finned Fish Amphibians Primates Rodents & Rabbits Crocodiles Dinosaurs & Birds Post-Orbital Fenestrae Hair Amniotic Egg Four Limbs Bony Skeleton Vertebra

20. Independent Practice Directions Work silently and independently during the provided time to create a cladogram for the data provided below. Use the steps to creating a cladogram as you proceed. As you work, annotate the data table provided to illustrate the steps being used. Record the cladogram in the space indicated on page 6. When you finish, begin answering the cladogram analysis questions without any instruction from me. These questions are designed to facilitate your analysis of the cladogram and to check your understanding of the underlying principles