1. Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre ADM Atmospheric Dynamics Mission Second ESA Earth Explorer Core Mission Single Payload Mission Launch: fall 2007 Mission goal To determine profiles of one component of wind speed from ground up to 20 km with accuracy better than 2 m/s in troposphere with global coverage Core Instrument Incoherent Doppler Lidar @ 355 nm pointing 35 ° off Nadir Benefit NWP and Climate Studies

2. Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre U-Wind Accuracy 250 hPa, 12 h Forecast 31 days October 2000, mean of 10 assimilation ensembles from: Erik Andersson, David Tan (ECMWF)

3. Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre WMO Expert Team ON OBSERVATIONAL DATA REQUIREMENTS AND REDESIGN OF THE GLOBAL OBSERVING SYSTEM The critical atmospheric and surface parameters (in order of priority) that are not adequately measured by the current or planned observing systems are: 1.wind profiles at all levels; Summary of Statement of Guidance for Global NWP (July 2002) High Priority System Specific Recommendations for Additional Capabilities in the Space Based Component of GOS (in order of priority for each category) R&D satellites 1LEO Doppler Winds - Wind profiles from Doppler lidar technology demonstration programme (such as Aeolus) should be made available for initial operational testing; a follow-on long-standing technological programme is solicited to achieve improved coverage characteristics and reduced instrument size necessary for operational implementation. 2.temperature profiles of adequate vertical resolution in cloudy areas; 3.precipitation; 4.soil moisture; 5.surface pressure; 6.snow equivalent water content;

4. Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre Mission Requirements Heightvert. res.HLOS / LOS accuracy 0 - 2 km0.5 km1 m/s 0.6 m/s 2 - 16 km1.0 km2 m/s 1.2 m/s 16 - 27km2.0 km3 m/s 1.7 m/s unknown bias 0.4 m/s slope error 0.7 % (wind speed dependent error) Mission Requirements Ground Track over Germany 3000 profiles per day data availability 3 hours mission lifetime 3 years October 2003 start phase C launch 2007 - only 2.5 years !!!

5. Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre Budgets mass: 1242 Kg (instrument 446 kg) power: 1344 W (instrument 866 W) Doppler Lidar Instrument ALADIN Nd:YAG laser-transmitter in burst mode (150 mJ @ 355 nm, 100 Hz) 1.5 m Cassegrain telescope Dual-Channel-Receiver with ACCD (Accumulating CCD Detector) Pointing and Orbit Control GPS, Star-Tracker, Inertial Measurement Unit, Yaw steering to compensate for earth rotation Launcher Rockot (SS-19 ICBM), Dnepr (SS-18 ICBM) or Vega (ESA development) AEOLUS Satellite and Instrument ALADIN Atmospheric Laser Doppler Instrument from EADS- ASTRIUM

6. Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre Mie Receiver Rayleigh Receiver Telescope Background Interference-Filter Beam Splitter Double Edge Fabry-Perot Fizeau Interferometer ALADIN Receiver Design from EADS-ASTRIUM, Toulouse

7. Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre Do we need pre-launch campaigns?  New technology used including ACCD, novel dual spectrometer combination with Mie and Rayleigh receiver, Fizeau for Mie-Receiver, sequential Fabry-Perot  Extensive laboratory characterisation of system by industry, but only few atmospheric measurements => it is a LIDAR: complexity of instrument + atmosphere  Error assessment with simulations including standard atmosphere are only partly valuable  No airborne demonstration of wind measurements with direct-detection system => major differences between ground based systems and airborne/satellite systems  Extensive data set for testing and validating of Level1b-Processor and End-to-End Simulator Sept 2005 2006

8. Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre Figure EADS-Astrium, Sept. 2004 ALADIN Airborne Demonstrator A2D (1/3)

9. Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre ALADIN Airborne Demonstrator A2D (2/3)

10. Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre ALADIN Airborne Demonstrator A2D (3/3)

11. Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre Fig. by EADS-Astrium, Sept. 2004 ALADIN Airborne Demonstrator A2D (2/2)

12. Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre CampaignLocationTimeInstruments AGC Aeolus Ground Campaign Lindenberg DWD-MOL 4 weeks September 2005 A2D within container (DLR) 2µm lidar within container (DLR) 482 MHz windprofiler radar (DWD) 35.5 GHz cloud radar (DWD) laser ceilometer (DWD) sun-photometer (DWD) 4 operational RASO/day + 10 additional (DWD) aerosol lidar 355 nm (MIM) 355 nm Raman lidar (DWD) optional: GLOW from NASA-GSFC AC01 Aeolus Airborne Campaign 1 DLR-OP overflights Lindenberg and other sites 15 days April 2006 A2D and 2µm in DLR Falcon DWD-MOL instruments as in AGC AC02 Aeolus Airborne Campaign 2 Trade-off for North-Atlantic or Tropics 17 days Sept/Oct 2006 A2D and 2µm in DLR Falcon additional instruments, if ACO2 is linked to other campaign, e.g. AMMA, International Polar Year IPY Campaign baseline

13. Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre Windprofiler site: 482 MHz windprofiler with RASS (wind up to 16 km, temp. up to 3 km) 1290 MHz windprofiler (wind up to 1.5 km) 35.5 GHz cloud radar (relecivy, vertical velocity) Main building (distance1 km): Laser Ceilometer (clouds 12 km, aerosol backscatter in boundary layer) microwave radiometer (profiles of water vapor and temperature up to 10 km) Optic laboratory (distance 500 m): 355 nm Raman-lidar (profiles of water vapor during night) Sun and star photometer (Optical depth day and night) Additional: 4 routine radiosondes per day tethered balloon system Falkenberg site (distance 5 km): SODAR/RASS (wind, temp. up to 500 m) 100 m Turm (wind, temp, humidity, turbulence) 1 long-range, 1 short-range scintillometer (turbulence) Meteorological Observatory Lindenberg MOL

14. Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre

15. Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre Status and Outlook  Receiver breadboard of A2D manufactured and extinsively tested in laboratory by EADS-Astrium, France  A2D laser transmitter setup by EADS-Astrium, Germany (70 mJ@355 nm achieved; frequency stability shot-to-shot of 1.4 MHz@1064 nm rms)  Manufacturing of thermal hood and regulation, airborne front optics, telescope tube ongoing  Performance test at EADS-Astrium, France in May-June 2005  Functional tests at DLR in June-August 2005 with first atmopheric measurements  Ground campaign in Lindenberg in September 2005  First functional test flights in early 2006  First airborne campaign in April 2006