1. The building blocks of life Organisms are made of carbon-based molecules

2. Organic chemistry Organic = carbon based molecules. Carbon atoms are covalently bonded into rings and chains. What is the chemical formula of this molecule? Consists of different numbers of 3 atoms.

3. Macromolecules Are large molecules formed from smaller molecules (covalently bonded).

4. Table of most abundant elements found in living organisms Chemical/ symbol Atomic number Atomic massBonds formed Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorus Sulfur

5. Carbohydrates FORM  General chemical formula is CH 2 O There are 3 types of carbohydrates 1.simple sugars(monosaccharides) 2.disaccharides 3.polysaccharides FUNCTION  Living organisms use carbs for energy storage and structural support (cellulose)

6. Carbohydrates Type of carbohydrate ExamplesTheir role in living things MonosaccharidesGlucoseProvide energy DisaccharidesSucrose Lactose Provide energy PolysaccharidesGlycogen Starch Cellulose Storage

7. Review Questions on Carbohydrates 1.What atoms make up the carbohydrate molecule? 2.What do living organisms use carbohydrates for? 3.Give an example for a monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide.

8. Lipids FORM  Made of carbon and hydrogen Examples of lipids are; 1.saturated/unsaturated fats 2.phospholipids (cell membrane) 3.steroids FUNCTION  Living organisms use lipids for storing energy and to provide barriers (cell membrane)

9. Nucleic acids FORM  Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides (C, H, N, O, and P) A nucleotide has 3 parts to the molecule; sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen base. Examples are DNA, RNA, and ATP FUNCTION  store and communicate genetic information.

10. Comparing DNA and RNA

11. Proteins FORM  Proteins are made of amino acids. The shape of the protein determines what it can do. FUNCTION  control cell processes and the rate of reactions. Examples include enzymes, muscle fiber, and antibodies.