1. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 21 Oxygenation

2. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Oxygenation Oxygen: measures approximately 21% in the Earth’s atmosphere Each cell of the human body uses oxygen to metabolize nutrients and produce energy Without oxygen, cell death occurs rapidly

3. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Assessing Oxygenation Physical assessment –Monitoring the client’s respiratory rate –Observing breathing pattern and effort –Checking chest symmetry –Auscultating lung sounds

4. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Assessing Oxygenation (cont’d) Arterial blood gases measure: –Partial pressure of oxygen dissolved in plasma –Percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen –The pH of blood

5. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Arterial Blood Gases

6. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Assessing Oxygenation (cont’d) Pulse oximetry –Composed of a sensor and a microprocessor –Noninvasive, transcutaneous technique for periodically or continuously monitoring the oxygen saturation of blood

7. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Promoting Oxygenation Positioning: Fowler’s position Breathing techniques –Deep breathing oIncentive spirometry –Pursed-lip breathing –Diaphragmatic breathing –Nasal strips

8. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Diaphragmatic Breathing

9. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Oxygen Therapy Oxygen sources –Wall outlet –Portable tanks –Liquid oxygen unit –Oxygen concentrator Equipment used in oxygen administration

10. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Oxygen Therapy (cont’d) Equipment used in oxygen administration –Flowmeter –Oxygen analyzer –Humidifier Common delivery devices –Nasal cannula

11. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Oxygen Therapy (cont’d) Common delivery devices (cont’d) –Masks oSimple mask oPartial rebreather mask oNon-rebreather mask oVenturi mask

12. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Oxygen Therapy (cont’d) Common delivery devices (cont’d) –Face tent –Tracheostomy collar –T-piece Additional delivery devices –Nasal catheter

13. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Comparison of Oxygen Delivery Devices (Refer to Table 21-4 in the textbook.)

14. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Oxygen Therapy (cont’d) Oxygen hazards –Fire potential –Oxygen toxicity

15. Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Administering Oxygen Safely