2. Did You Know? Introduction to plankton! The character “Plankton” on Spongbob is based off a real zooplankton called a copepod.” on Spongbob is based off a real zooplankton called a copepod.

3. Wednesday Nov. 2 nd 2011 Objective: I will see the organisms that are riding the tides and currents! Agenda: Super short plankton notes Plankton Lab Homework: None

4. Types of Plankton Plankton = Free-floating organisms (drifters); most abundant organisms in the ocean. 1) Phytoplankton = autotrophic; Always located near the surface 2) Zooplankton = heterotrophic; located beneath phytoplankton, vertically migrate at night. More diverse than phytoplankton.

5. Zooplankton Significance = provides a link between the phytoplankton, producers and the larger fish below. Holoplankton = the primary herbivore in the sea. Meroplankton = larval form of some marine organisms.

6. Plankton Lab Set-Up 1. Microscopes: plug in on the front of your table 2. Plankton samples: get from the front desk 3. Make all adjustments on the microscope using the lowest setting then move up

7. Plankton Lab Your group will need a sheet of white paper from me. Fold your paper so it has 4 squares. Assignment: Groups of 2 Look at your plankton sample and find 2 phytoplankton and 2 zooplankton Draw these and label them in your squares. (one in each square) Have fun looking at the different types of plankton in your sample!!!

8. Did You Know? "The Wave" originated as a challenge between The Seattle Sounder fans and The Vancouver Whitecaps fans in 1975 at Memorial stadium in Seattle, during an NASL soccer game. "Bill the beer man" challenged the two sides of the stadium to out yell each other. As the two sides would rise to their feet and yell, "Go Sounders" or "Go Whitecaps," it would give the appearance of waves. As they added seating at the end of the field, it went in "the round", going all around the stadium in the form of the "Wave". 10 - 7

9. Thursday Nov 3 rd 2011 Objective: I will know the types of waves that are out there. Agenda: -How a plankton net works -Wave notes Homework: None but be prepared for a test next week on tides, waves and currents.

10. Wave Causes and Characteristics (continued) A fully developed sea can have waves larger or smaller than the maximum theoretical size. if waves are in phase, wave energies are constructive and combine into larger waves. if waves are out of phase, they can cancel each other out (destructive) 10 - 9

11. Wave Causes and Characteristics (continued) Internal Waves internal waves are found inside the ocean they can occur within different density layers these waves can be as much as 30 meters (100 feet) tall internal waves are found below the surface the wave motion in a deep layer can cause a thermocline or halocline to slowly rise and fall as the wave passes 10 - 10

12. Wave Causes and Characteristics (continued) Internal Waves Scientists don’t exactly know what causes internal waves. It is likely they get their energy from wind, gravity, or seismic forces, just like surface waves. 10 - 11

13. Breaking Waves Shallow water Slows Water depth is ½ the wavelength When water depth is less than ½ wavelength Top of wave pitches forward Figure 10-10 on page 10-12

14. Surf and Breaking Waves There are three basic types of wave breaks: 1. plunging breakers characterized by a curl as the top of the wave pitches through the air before splashing into the bottom they occur on moderately steep beaches 10 - 13

15. Surf and Breaking Waves 2. spilling breakers are characterized by the top of the wave tumbling and sliding down the front of the wave as it decelerates slowly they occur on beaches with a gentle slope 10 - 14

16. Surf and Breaking Waves 3. surging breakers occur on very steep beaches that are almost like walls because they do not slow, they surge virtually unbroken and can be very destructive 10 - 15

17. Rocking Waves Seiche: is a form of a standing wave that can be destructive. Seiches are caused by earthquakes and heavy winds.

18. Types of Waves Tsunami: Means Harbor wave (not a true tidal wave) Generated by earthquake, a landslide, or volcanic eruption Always shallow water waves because there is no part in the ocean deep enough to make it behave as a deep water wave. Largest recorded 84m Rogue wave = A single wave with a high crest and low trough out at sea. Formed when 2 large waves from a storm unite or when waves meet from opposing currents. Very dangerous. Figure 10-7 on page 10-9

19. Surf and Breaking Waves (continued) waves rarely hit the shore squarely. refraction, diffraction, and reflection affect wave behavior. on an irregular shoreline, refraction concentrates wave energy toward protrusions because the side of the wave nearest to the protrusion slows first, turning the wave toward it 10 - 18

20. Surf and Breaking Waves (continued) wave diffraction occurs when waves hit an obstacle, such as a jetty energy shifts within the wave, allowing a new wave pattern to form past the obstacle or through an opening 10 - 19

21. Surf and Breaking Waves (continued) reflection occurs when waves hit an abrupt obstacle that is nearly perpendicular in the water, such as a sea wall. Reflected wave energy can bounce around the sides of an enclosed area, creating complex wave patterns. reflection can cause a standing wave. this wave is a vertical oscillation in which water rocks back and forth, rising and falling at the ends, but relatively motionless near the center 10 - 20