1. Plant Structure

2. Plants have 4 major structures:
flower
stem
leaf
roots

3. Roots

4. Functions
anchors plant

5. Functions
absorbs and transports water and minerals

6. Most absorption takes place at the root tips which are covered with root hairs
Mycorrhizae

7. Root Types
Tap Roots
Fibrous Roots

8. Tap Root
- one main root
- grows straight down
to find deep water
- Example: dandelions

9. Some store food

10. Tap Roots

11. - several roots from the base of the plant’s stem - get water close
Fibrous root
- several roots from the base
of the plant’s stem
- get water close
to the surface
- Example: grass

12. Fibrous Roots

13. Roots

18. STEMS

19. Functions
Support leaves and flowers

20. Functions
Transport water, minerals, food

21. Functions
stores water and minerals as sugar or starch

22. Stem types
Herbaceous stems
- soft, thin, flexible
- usually green

23. Stem Types
Trees and Shrubs
- hard and rigid
- self supporting

24. Stem Types
Vines
- slender, woody
- need support

25. Herbaceous, Tree & Shrub, Vine?

26. Herbaceous, Tree & Shrub, Vine?

27. Herbaceous, Tree & Shrub, Vine?

28. Herbaceous, Tree & Shrub, Vine?

29. Nodes
Place where leaves attach to the stem

30. Node Arrangements – provides leaves with most sunlight

31. Alternate
One leaf per node

32. Opposite
Two leaves per node

33. Whorled
Three or more leaves per node

34. Alternate, Opposite, Whorled?

35. Alternate, Opposite, Whorled?

36. Alternate, Opposite, Whorled?

37. LEAVES

38. Function
Absorb sunlight to make food

39. Function
Bring in CO₂ and release O₂ (breathing)

40. Parts of a Leaf

41. Blade
Flat, broad section; contains cells for photosynthesis

42. Veins
Tube-like structures that carry nutrients

43. Petiole
Stalk that connects leaf to the stem

44. A deeper look…

45. Epidermis – thin layer of cells that protect the leaf
Cuticle – waxy coating to reduce water loss

46. Stomata – small openings in leaves for gas exchange
Guard cells – open and close stomata

47. Parts of a leaf

48. Parts of a leaf

49. leaves of cactuses are modified as spines
Adaptations
leaves of cactuses are modified as spines

50. Adaptations
leaves of carnivorous plants catch and digest insects