1. Revising Development in the EU The syllabus asks that you should know: 1/ What causes different EU countries to have different levels of development 2/ What has been done to try to lessen these inequalities For this, we compared the UK and Poland as a case study. So you need to be able to show Why Poland is less developed than the UK and what the EU has tried to do to lessen the gap in development between the 2 countries.

2. Revision Objectives 4/ To do 3 in detail and talk about sustainability 3/ To achieve 2 and explain the impact of the both the causes and the strategies used. 2/ To do 1 and list causes for this inequality and what has been done to lessen it 1/ To be able to describe the differences in development between Poland and the UK

3. Comparing the UK and Poland MeasureUKPoland HDI21st41 st * GNP$36, 130$17,000 Life Expectancy7975 % or roads that are tarred10070% in 2003 and 90% in 2007) Note: there are about 160 countries on the HDI list

4. Causes of Inequality CauseImpact The UK is more at the CORE of the EU % of workforce in Agriculture is higher in Poland Less of the public roads are tarred in Poland Collapse of communism in 1989 Use your notes and your memory to work out the impact of these causes (in other words think at a level 2 and maybe level 1 or ‘C grade and higher’ to fill the table)

5. How the EU tries to reduce inequalities EU StrategyIntended Outcomes European Regional development Fund The European Social fund The Cohesion Fund Common agricultural Policy (CAP) Urban II Fund Use the resources to work out the intended impact of these startegies (in other words think at a level 2 and maybe level 1 or ‘C grade and higher’ to fill the table

6. How is the EU trying to reduce inequality? Urban II fund: – Sustainable development of troubled districts – Renewable energy – Eco-friendly transport systems – New jobs – Renovations of older buildings Regional Aid – European regional development fund Improve investment and infrastructure – Cohesion fund Environment and transport- develop renewable energy – European social fund Education and training – Help new eastern European countries members to develop Structural fund – Poorer regions – Infrastructure and transport – GDP less than 75% of EU average – targeted Common agricultural policy – Subsidies to farmers – Minimum production levels – Fair standard of life – Reasonable prices – 5% work in agriculture – 1.6% of GNP – 10 new members joining since 2004 – 7 million farmers to 6 million already Member countries contribute 1% of total wealth to EU budget–1/3 goes to regional aid

7. Exam Questions on EU Development Higher Paper: Explain why the countries in the EU show a great difference in their levels of development (8 marks) Foundation Paper: Describe one or more ways the EU has tried to reduce the differences in the levels of development across countries within the EU (6 marks) Appeared on Both Papers: Name 2 countries within the EU, one of which is richer and one that is poorer. For each country give 2 reasons why it is rich or poor. (4 marks) Describe how the EU has attempted to reduce the differences in the level of development within Europe(3 marks)