2. Why Classify? To place organisms in some systematic order

3. Taxonomy The science of classifying organisms into groups

4. Classify To assign an organism to a particular group Identify To determine the group to which an organism belongs

6. Aristotle Based his groupings on appearance Artificial classification system His system was used for almost 2,000 years. Based his groupings on appearance Artificial classification system His system was used for almost 2,000 years.

7. Carolus Linnaeus Designed a new classification system in the mid-1700s His system was based on observable characteristics but was more developed and adaptable. Designed a new classification system in the mid-1700s His system was based on observable characteristics but was more developed and adaptable.

8. Today’s System of Classification Start with the broadest group or classification and work down to the most specific category.

9. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

10. Rules for the Hierarchy Each group can be divided into several groups on the next level. Each group has characteristics that all levels under the group possess. Each level can be subdivided before reaching the next level. Each group can be divided into several groups on the next level. Each group has characteristics that all levels under the group possess. Each level can be subdivided before reaching the next level.

11. Kingdom Eubacteria Kingdom Protista Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Archaebacteria

12. The Kingdom Archaebacteria Prokaryotic No Peptidoglycans; No organization Unicellular; colonial Autotrophic (chemosynthetic) Asexual Extremophiles Prokaryotic No Peptidoglycans; No organization Unicellular; colonial Autotrophic (chemosynthetic) Asexual Extremophiles

13. Prokaryotic Peptidoglycans; No Organization Unicellular; Colonial Hertero- or Autotrophic (photo,chemo) Asexual Streptococcus, E. coli Prokaryotic Peptidoglycans; No Organization Unicellular; Colonial Hertero- or Autotrophic (photo,chemo) Asexual Streptococcus, E. coli The Kingdom Eubacteria

14. The Kingdom Protista Eukaryotic Organized; membrane-bound Unicellular; Colonial; some specialized Hetero- or Autotrophic (photo); Both Asexual (some conjugation) Amoeba Eukaryotic Organized; membrane-bound Unicellular; Colonial; some specialized Hetero- or Autotrophic (photo); Both Asexual (some conjugation) Amoeba

15. The Kingdom Fungi Eukaryotic Contain Chitin Unicellular; Colonial; Very Specialized All are heterotrophic Asexual; some sexual also Molds, Mushrooms Eukaryotic Contain Chitin Unicellular; Colonial; Very Specialized All are heterotrophic Asexual; some sexual also Molds, Mushrooms

16. The Kingdom Plantae Eukaryotic Con Multicellular with tissues Most are autotrophic. Examples: trees, ferns, flowers, grains Eukaryotic Con Multicellular with tissues Most are autotrophic. Examples: trees, ferns, flowers, grains

17. The Kingdom Animalia Eukaryotic cells Multicellular with tissues All are heterotrophic. Examples: worms, sponges, insects, vertebrates Eukaryotic cells Multicellular with tissues All are heterotrophic. Examples: worms, sponges, insects, vertebrates

18. Scientific Names Binomial nomenclature –“Two-name” naming system proposed by Linnaeus –System of naming organisms in which each organism is given a genus name and a species name Binomial nomenclature –“Two-name” naming system proposed by Linnaeus –System of naming organisms in which each organism is given a genus name and a species name

19. Scientific Names Binomial nomenclature –Gives organisms a “genus- species” name Binomial nomenclature –Gives organisms a “genus- species” name

20. Using Scientific Names Example: Canis familiaris “Canis” (Genus: capitalized) “familiaris” (Species: not capitalized) Both names are underlined or italicized. Example: Canis familiaris “Canis” (Genus: capitalized) “familiaris” (Species: not capitalized) Both names are underlined or italicized.

21. Why Latin? Dead language Known by scholars Highly descriptive Dead language Known by scholars Highly descriptive

22. Species A population of organisms –Structurally similar but with a degree of variation –Can interbreed and produce fertile offspring A population of organisms –Structurally similar but with a degree of variation –Can interbreed and produce fertile offspring