1. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Associated Glands: Associated Glands: 1.Salivary glands. 2.Liver. 3.Pancreas.

2. LIVER CLASSIC HEPATIC LOBULE: Hexagonal. Hexagonal. Has portal areas at the corners and a central vein in the center. Has portal areas at the corners and a central vein in the center.

3. LIVER Portal areas contain: Portal areas contain: 1.A bile duct. 2.A branch of hepatic artery. 3.A branch of portal vein. 4.Connective tissue.

4. LIVER Structure of Lobules: Plates of liver cells (hepatocytes). Plates of liver cells (hepatocytes). Between the plates of hepatocytes there are blood sinusoids lined by endothelial cells and Kupffer cells (macrophages). Between the plates of hepatocytes there are blood sinusoids lined by endothelial cells and Kupffer cells (macrophages).

5. PANCREAS Pancreas is a mixed gland: Pancreas is a mixed gland: –Exocrine part (acini & ducts): produces digestive pancreatic enzymes. –Endocrine part (islets of Langerhans): produces hormones.

6. PANCREAS Pancreatic acini: Serous acini with centroacinar cells (the beginning of the ducts). Serous acini with centroacinar cells (the beginning of the ducts). Nuclei are basal. Nuclei are basal. Cytoplasm: Cytoplasm: –Basal part basophilic (due to abundant rER). –Apical part acidophilic (due to secretory granules).

7. PANCREAS Islets of Langerhans: Pale spherical vascularized collections of endocrine cells. Pale spherical vascularized collections of endocrine cells. Formed of 5 types of cells: Formed of 5 types of cells: 1.α (A) cells: secrete glucagon. 2.β (B) cells: secrete insulin. 3.δ (D) cells: secrete somatostatin. 4.G cells: secrete gastrin. 5.PP cells: secrete pancreatic polypeptide.

8. PRACTICAL SLIDES

9. Liver

10. Pancreas