1. 1 Detecting & Responding 2 Unit 3 Biology Area of Study 2

2. 2 Physical and Chemical Barriers to infection

3. 3 Defence against infection: Plants

4. 4 Defence against infection: Humans

5. 5 Detecting ‘Self’ & ‘Non- self’ Molecules

6. 6 Infection and Disease

7. 7 Pathogens: Bacteria

8. 8 Pathogens: Fungi, Yeasts, Protozoa

9. 9 Pathogens: Arthropods & Worms

10. 10 Pathogenic Agents: Viruses, viroids and Prions

11. 11 Transmission of Pathogens

12. 12 Recognition

13. 13 Disease – Terminology 1 Infection - growth of organism within body of host Chronic disease - long-term infection Acute disease - infection occurs suddenly, is short term Parasite - organism living on or in another organism, gains benefit, provides nothing. Not necessarily pathogenic. Carrier -person lacking particular disease but host to transmittable causative agent. Host -organism or cell on or in which a specific parasite lives

14. 14 Recognition Disease – Terminology 2 Host -second host necessary in addition to host for completion of life cycle Vector - insect or other animal transmitting pathogenic organism from host to host Virulence - degree to which an organism can cause disease Pathogen - organism able to cause disease in host

15. 15 Recognition Disease – Terminology 3 Epidemic - many people in region develop specific infectious disease over short period Pandemic - people world-wide develop specific diseaseas it spreads from origin relatively quickly Antibiotic - naturally occurring substances that inhibit growth or destroy bacteria & other micro-organisms Designer drug - drug constructed to inhibit activity of pathogen by fitting into its active site

16. 16 Immune Response

17. 17 Immune System in Humans

18. 18 Function of the immune System

19. 19 Innate Immunity

20. 20 Cells of Immune System

21. 21 Non-specific response: Inflammation

22. 22 Non-specific response: Blood Clotting

23. 23 Non-specific response: Phagocytosis

24. 24 Immune response: Complement

25. 25 Specific Immunity

26. 26 B Cells: Humoral Response

27. 27 T Cells: Cell- Mediated Response

28. 28 Antigens

29. 29 Antibodies

30. 30 Production of Antibodies

31. 31 Antigen-Antibody Interactions

32. 32 Disorders of the Immune Response

33. 33 Failures of the Immune System

34. 34 Acquired Immunity

35. 35 Active & Passive Immunity

36. 36 Active & Passive Immunity