1. The Development of Feudalism in Japan Heian to Tokugawa

2. The Imperial Court (AD 400-783)

3. A Divine Emperor: The Spiritual Leader of Japan Prior to AD 400, uji (clans) ruled separate areas of Japan One clan, Yamato, first emperor Emperor descendent of Sun Goddess Emperor more about religion than politics Uji fought to be advisors

4. Chinese Influences on the Japanese Court Capital city of Nara based on Changan Emperors want political and spiritual power Prince Shotoku- government, calendar and legal ideas Chinese characters Chinese poetry Architecture

5. Taika Reforms (AD 646) Introduced by Emperor Tenchi Make government like the Tang Dynasty Land reforms: all rice growing land became the emperor’s

6. Refined Court Life During the Heian Period (AD 794-1185)

7. Nobles Gain Power over the Imperial Family Earned trust of emperor; became advisors Married daughters to crown princes In high-ranking posts Shoen (tax-free estates) as gifts to nobles Made role of emperor ceremonial

8. The Refined Life of Court Nobles Elegant appearance – Clothing and makeup Restrained behavior – Rude to laugh with mouth open Decorum – Letters folded properly Leisure – Pastimes like Go

9. The Rise of the Provincial Nobles Rugged, independent, led private armies More powerful as court nobles isolated themselves Battled with each other for control of provinces

10. The Rise of Feudalism and the Mongol Invasion (AD 1185-1333)

11. Inside Japan Battle for Government Control – Taira and Minamoto Clans – Yoritomo Minamoto won Rise of Feudalism – Samurai dominate society – Bakufu (military government) – Emperor only religious

12. Threat from Outside Mongol Invasions – Kublai Khan wanted control – 450 ships and 15,000 troops Destroyed by typhoon – 7 yrs. Later 150,000 troops Aftermath of Invasions – National unity – Debts – Unpaid samurai roam the land – Kamakura shogunate driven from power

13. Feudal Pyramid Peasants

14. Civil War and Reunification (AD 1333- 1603)

15. Stability Under the Ashikaga Shogunate Godaigo supreme ruler of Japan Ashikaga attacked royal forces at Kyoto Godaigo fled south Ashikaga most powerful between 1367-1467 Fighting started over the position of Shogun’s deputy

16. The Onin War: A Turning Point Civil war between families over power Most of Kyoto destroyed in the fighting Power of emperor and shogun reduced Political power to whoever won in battle End of Ashikaga Shogunate

17. Two Attempts to Unify Japan (1) Oda Nobunaga – Brilliant military techniques and firearms – Acted as a brutal tyrant, especially towards monks – Controlled 32 of 66 provinces by his death

18. Two Attempts to Unify Japan (2) Toyotomi Hideyoshi – Rose through ranks of Oda family – Negotiations to pacify rebel daimyo – Brought all 66 provinces into feudal agreement

19. Life in a Castletown During the Tokugawa Period (AD 1603-1868)

20. Tokugawa Ieyasu Closed Japan’s Doors Fought and used negotiation to bring all provinces under his control Period of unity and growth Established shogunate at Edo Four classes: samurai, peasants, artisans, merchants Isolated Japan from rest of world for 200 years

21. Castle Life Artisans – Armorers served the castle – Carpenters built Merchants – Wealthy – Banned from becoming samurai – Recreation: wrestling, gambling, kabuki Samurai – Enforced laws – Helped to collect taxes Feudal Castles – Daimyo rules from castles – Architecture funneled attacks into bottleneck trap – Gardens and pools in the castle Castletowns become Commercial Hubs – Centers of government – Towns grew around castles – Inns, stables and stores grew along the routes to castles

22. Nijo Castle These are the plans of the original castle.

23. Castle This is a medieval castle that has been restored. The architecture is similar in all Japanese castles, and mimics Chinese style.