1. Genetics – Life’s Blueprint

2. Each organisms has two or more versions of a trait. (Each version is called an allele) Each organism inherits two alleles, one from each parent A single gene appears to control the appearance of the trait Monogenic Traits aka Simple Inheritance aka Simple Inheritance

3. One allele “dominates” when present The other allele “recedes” when the dominant allele is present Monogenic Traits Simple Inheritance

4. Trait Studied – Flower Color GenerationPhenotype ParentsPPpp F 1 generationPpPp F 2 generation Expected Offspring Ratio PP Pp 3 pp 1 Monogenic Inheritance

5. X Punnett Squares -Monogenetic Crosses

6. Punnett Squares and Prediction

7. 1.Given the parents’ genotypes what are the offsprings’ possible phenotypes and ratios? 2.Given the parents’ phenotypes and the offsprings phenotypic ratios, what are the parents’ genotypes? Simple Monogenic Problems

8. Observation – When two traits are followed, they don’t stay together Law – Each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs of alleles during gamete formation Law of Independent Assortment

9. GgSs x GgSs GSGsGsgSgSgs GSGGSSGGSsGgSSGgSsGgSs GsGsGGSsGGssGgSsGgSsGgss gSgSGgSSGgSsGgSsggSSggsS gsGgSsGgSsGgssggSsggss PhenotypeRatioProb. Green Smooth9/1656% Green Wrinkled3/1619% Yellow Smooth3/1619% Yellow Wrinkled1/166% Punnett Squares – Two Independent Traits

10. 1.Given the parents’ genotypes what are the offsprings’ possible phenotypes and ratios? 2.Given the parents’ phenotypes and the offsprings phenotypic ratios, what are the parents’ genotypes? Multiple Independent Trait Problems

11. Incomplete Dominance Codominance Sex Linked Polygenic Traits

14. Donor Blood Type Type AType BType ABType O Recipient Type A - I A I A I A iYNNY Type B - I B I B I b iNYNY Type AB - I A I B YYYY Type O - iiNNNY

16.  mainly X, mainly recessive Muscular dystrophy Hemophilia Fabry’s disease colorblindness

18.  Most “phenotypic traits” are multiple gene interactions.  In humans these include Eye color Hair color Skin pigmentation Height Weight Intelligence (?)

20. More than 6 genes control eye color Two genes on Chromosome 15 account for most of the eye color combinations

21. At least 4 genes control hair color

23. f two AaBbCc people would get married and have children, the Punnett square would look like this: If two heterozygous individuals (AaBbCc) have a child, what is the probably that their child will be very dark skinned?

26. Albinism (aa) is a recessive trait Based on the pedigree, what are the genotypes of the parents?