2. 1. What is bias? –A. Prejudice or unfairness in the way an experiment is set up –B. Faking the results of an experiment –C. A way to make sure the results of an experiment are valid 2. When doing an experiment with a placebo (fake pill), who should not know which group gets the placebo? –A. The participants –B. The scientists –C. Both A and B 3. What would be one way to improve the Soda Wars lab from yesterday? Catalyst

3. 1.A question will be picked, and each person should write down the answer on their whiteboard. 2.A popsicle stick will be pulled and that person will be responsible for saying the answer. 3.If the answer is right, the class gets the points. If the answer is wrong, the class does not get the points.

4. Penalties 1.If it takes too long for the class to quiet down after the answer is given, -100 points. 2.If the person called on has not written an answer down, -50 points. Then another popsicle stick will be pulled. 3. If someone other than the person who was called on shouts out the answer, -50 points.

6. Let ’ s Play! Please listen carefully and think before answering. Good Luck!!

8. Questions and Hypotheses

9. Observations vs. Inferences

10. Variables

11. Graphing, Conclusions, and Bias

12. Experimental Design

13. Grab Bag

14. 200 300 400 500 Questions and Hypotheses Observations vs. Inferences Variables Graphing, Conclusions and Bias Experimental Design Grab Bag 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100

15. “Why do people gain weight?” Is this a good scientific question, and WHY or WHY NOT?

16. No, not specific enough. Questions should never start with “why”.

17. If you are doing an experiment to determine if mold causes people to get sick, what is the scientific question in this case?

18. Does mold cause people to get sick?

19. Write a hypothesis about whether or not watching TV causes vision loss in teenagers.

20. IF teenagers watch TV, THEN they will not have vision loss, because watching TV does not hurt your eyes.

21. If you are doing an experiment to see which of your hamsters eats the most food in a day, tell whether this would be a good hypothesis: IF a hamster eats more food, THEN it will be full BECAUSE food makes you full.

22. No, it is not good because it doesn’t answer the question.

23. A group of scholars is doing an experiment to see which brand of hand sanitizer works the best. Write a testable question AND a hypothesis for this experiment.

24. Which brand of hand sanitizer cleans hands most effectively? IF you use Purell hand sanitizer, THEN your hands will be germ- free because Purell has the best germ-killing ingredients.

25. What are the two types of observations?

26. Qualitative and Quantitative

27. True or false: Inferences should be classified as qualitative or quantitative.

28. False, only observations should be

29. Classify as qualitative observation, quantitative observation, or inference: “Ivan thinks that his fifth period class is the most fun.”

30. Inference

31. Classify as qualitative observation, quantitative observation, or inference: “The table is 18 feet tall.”

32. Quantitative observation

33. Classify as qualitative observation, quantitative observation, or inference: “The house has broken windows.”

34. Qualitative observation

35. What is a controlled variable?

36. Something you want to stay the same or be held constant in an experiment.

37. A student wants to see if sugar dissolves faster in hot coffee or iced coffee. What is her independent variable?

38. Temperature of the coffee

39. A student wants to see if sugar dissolves faster in hot coffee or iced coffee. What is her dependent variable?

40. How fast the sugar dissolves

41. A student wants to see if sugar dissolves better in hot coffee or iced coffee. What could be a controlled variable?

42. Amount of coffee, amount of sugar, type of coffee, etc.

43. If you want to see if plants grow better indoors vs. outdoors, what are your dependent and independent variables?

44. Independent: indoors or outdoors Dependent: growth of plants

45. What is ONE thing a conclusion should tell you?

46. The results, accept/reject your hypothesis, sources of error, follow-up experiments

47. What was one thing we could do to avoid bias when seeing if people prefer Coke or Pepsi?

48. Do a blind test (don’t tell which drink is which) Take a representative sample of people who don’t already have a strong preference

49. Daily Double!

50. A farmer wants to know if there is a relationship between the amount of fertilizer (in kilograms) she uses and how tall her corn grows (in centimeters). What goes on the x axis and what goes on the y axis if we want to graph this data?

51. X-axis: Amount of fertilizer (kg) Y-axis: Corn height (cm)

52. Which of these trials has the most precise data? Trial 1Trial 2Trial 3 8106 749 888

53. Trial 1: data is most consistent

54. Graph the data below. Be sure to label and scale your axes properly and include a title. WeekGrade 178 285 380 482 585

55. 1234512345 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Week Grade Grade vs. Week

56. How many independent variables should you have in an experiment?

57. Only one

58. In this experiment, what are TWO possible reasons the rat gained more weight than the mouse? 9 grams of food a week MOUSE 10 milliliters of water a week EXERCISES REGULARLY Time of experiment: 1 month Amount of weight gain: 2 grams 13 grams of food a week 24 milliliters of water a week RAT EXERCISE LIMITED Time of experiment: 1 month Amount of weight gain: 14 grams

59. The rat was given more food, more water, and less exercise.

60. In this experiment, why can we NOT conclude that exercise causes less weight gain? 9 grams of food a week MOUSE 10 milliliters of water a week EXERCISES REGULARLY Time of experiment: 1 month Amount of weight gain: 2 grams 13 grams of food a week 24 milliliters of water a week RAT EXERCISE LIMITED Time of experiment: 1 month Amount of weight gain: 14 grams

61. There are not enough controlled variables. There are other possible causes for the weight gain.

62. FIX this experiment and fill in the blanks. 9 grams of food a week MOUSE 10 milliliters of water a week EXERCISES REGULARLY Time of experiment: 1 month Amount of weight gain: 2 grams __ grams of food a week ___ milliliters of water a week Rodent? EXERCISE LIMITED Time of experiment: 1 month Amount of weight gain: 14 grams

63. 9 grams of food a week MOUSE 10 milliliters of water a week EXERCISES REGULARLY Time of experiment: 1 month Amount of weight gain: 2 grams 9 grams of food a week 10 milliliters of water a week MOUSE EXERCISE LIMITED Time of experiment: 1 month Amount of weight gain: 14 grams

64. Describe how you would do an experiment to see if listening to loud music will give people headaches. Tell how you would set the experiment up and what controlled variables you would use.

65. Two groups of people: one will listen to a hip-hop song at a loud volume for 2 hours, one will listen to the same song at a soft volume for 2 hours. The song, type of music, and time period are controlled variables.

66. Precision or accuracy?: Our results are close to what we want to get

67. Accuracy

68. What is the best metric unit to use to measure the height of a person?

69. meter

70. If you wanted to graph data that shows what percent of the class ate school lunch vs. their own lunch yesterday, what type of graph would you use?

71. Pie

72. What is one lab tool you could use to measure liquid?

73. Beaker, graduated cylinder, or Erlenmeyer flask

74. Daily Double!

75. Fix the axes on the graph below so they show proper intervals. 10 8 5 3 1 0 0 1 5 7 12

76. (Or any interval that is consistent.) 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 3 6 9 12

77. Final Jeopardy

78. Put the following in order of the scientific method! a. Then, he graphed the amount of food left in each cage every day over the week. b. Ivan wondered which of his two hamsters eats more food in a day. c. Ivan tested this by separating his hamsters and giving them the same amount of food every day for a week. Then he checked to see how much food was left at the end of each day in each cage. d. Ivan told his parents about his experiment so they knew how much food to buy for his hamsters in the future. e. Ivan realized that he was right. The younger hamster had eaten almost twice as much food as the older one. f. Ivan had already observed that the younger hamster had more energy, so he thought that the younger, larger hamster would eat more food.

79. b.Ivan wondered which of his two hamsters eats more food in a day. f. Ivan had already observed that the younger hamster had more energy, so he thought that the younger, larger hamster would eat more food. c.Ivan tested this by separating his hamsters and giving them the same amount of food every day for a week. Then he checked to see how much food was left at the end of each day in each cage. a. Then, he graphed the amount of food left in each cage every day over the week. e.Ivan realized that he was right. The younger hamster had eaten almost twice as much food as the older one. d. Ivan told his parents about his experiment so they knew how much food to buy for his hamsters in the future.