1. French and Indian War

3. Ally A partner in an alliance; a friend, especially in times of war.

4. Alliance A formal agreement among nations, states, or individuals to cooperate

5. French & Native Americans French had many Native American allies French traded furs with Native Americans French were not interested in taking Native land

6. Iroquois Confederacy A powerful group of Native Americans in the eastern part of the United States made up of five Native tribes Allied with the British prior to the French and Indian War changing the balance of power

10. Militia a group of civilian soldiers trained to fight in emergencies

13. Fort Duquesne French fort built in present day Pittsburgh

15. Fort Necessity Small fort in Ohio country built by George Washington and his men. Site of the first battle of the French and Indian War.

17. George Washington Was a 21 year old surveyor at the time of his first mission for the British Defeated at the Battle of Fort Necessity – Only time he would ever surrender Considered a hero by colonists for striking the first blow against the French

19. French and Indian War Named because the colonists fought not only the French, but also their Native American allies. Britain called it the Seven Years’ War

20. Congress A formal meeting of government representatives who have the authority to make laws

22. Delegate A representative (burgess)

24. Albany Plan of Union Put forth by Benjamin Franklin. Elected legislature would govern the colonies and have the power to collect taxes, raise troops and regulate trade No colonies voted for it for fear they would give up their power

25. Ohio Valley French and Indian War began because both France and Great Britain believed they owned the Ohio Valley

26. Parliament The legislative body of the British government

29. General Edward Braddock Commander in chief of the British forces in America Used George Washington as a guide Warned by Washington that the British marching style was a bad idea Killed at the battle of Fort Duquesne

30. Seven Years’ War 1756-1763 where England and Prussia allied against France and all of its allies Same war that the American colonists called the French and Indian War

32. William Pitt Britain’s Prime Minister during the Seven Years’ War Declared Britain would pay for the war – Created a massive debt for the British Fort Duquesne was changed to Fort Pitt in his honor after the British took control of it.

37. Treaty of Paris Officially ended the French and Indian War Gave England control of Canada and most of the French land west of the Mississippi River Marked the end of France as a power in North America Divided North America between Britain and Spain England also acquired Florida from Spain

39. Pontiac Ottowa chief who realized the British threatened the Native American way of life Formed an alliance of Native Americans Led a series of attacks on British forts and settlers to stop the loss of Native Hunting land known as Pontiac’s War

40. Proclamation An order from a leader to its citizens

41. Proclamation of 1763. Called for a halt to westward expansion for colonists Set the temporary western border for colonists as the Appalachian Mountains Angered wealthy speculators who owned land west of the Appalachian Mountains

43. Speculators Investors

44. Bill of Rights A list of freedoms – First 10 amendments to the United States Constitution

45. Pioneer A person who settles a new place

47. Daniel Boone An early American pioneer who traveled west across the Appalachian Mountains Discovered the Cumberland Gap

50. Cumberland Gap A pass in the Cumberland Mountains at the junction of the Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee boundaries.