1. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 12 Gender, Race, and Ethnicity in the Labor Market

2. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 12- 2 Table 12.1: Shares of the Civilian Labor Force for Major Demographic Groups: 1984, 1994, 2004, 2014

3. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 12- 3 Figure 12.1: Mean Earnings as a Percentage of White Male Earnings, Various Demographic Groups, Full-Time Workers over 24 Years Old, 2005

4. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 12- 4 Table 12.2: Female Earnings as a Percentage of Male Earnings, by Age and Education, Full-Time Workers, 2005

5. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 12- 5 Table 12.3: Female/Male Earnings Ratios and Percentages of Female Jobholders, Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers, by Selected High- and Low-Paying Occupations, 2005

6. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 12- 6 Table 12.4: Employment Ratios, Labor Force Participation Rates, and Unemployment Rates, by Race and Gender,* 1970-2005

7. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 12- 7 Table 12.5: Male Earnings Differences, by Ancestry, 1990

8. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 12- 8 Figure 12.2: Equilibrium Employment of Women or Minorities in Firms that Discriminate

9. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 12- 9 Figure 12.3: Market Demand for Women or Minorities as a Function of Relative Wages

10. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 12- 10 Figure 12.4: Effects on Relative Wages of an Increased Number of Nondiscriminatory Employers

11. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 12- 11 Figure 12.5: Effects on Relative Wages of a Decline in the Discriminatory Preferences of Employers

12. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 12- 12 Figure 12.6: The Screening Problem

13. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 12- 13 Figure 12.7: Labor Market Crowding

14. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 12- 14 Figure 12.8: Search-Related Monopsony and Wage Discrimination

15. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 12- 15 Example 12.4: Comparable Worth and the University The Market for Computer Science and English Professors

16. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 12- 16 Table 12.6: Change in the Racial Composition of a 1,600-Person Job Group with Nondiscriminatory Hiring from a Pool That Is 12% Black (20% yearly turnover rate)

17. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Appendix 12A Estimating Comparable-Worth Earnings Gaps: An Application of Regression Analysis

18. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 12- 18 Figure 12A.1: Estimated Male Comparable-Worth Salary Equation

19. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 12- 19 Figure 12A.2: Using the Estimated Male Comparable-Worth Salary Equation to Estimate the Extent of Underpayment in Female Jobs