2. The Solar System The sun and all the objects that travel around it.

3. Ideas about the Solar System 1. Earth-centered model(geo-centric) Early Greek scientist thought everything rotated around the Earth. 2. Heliocentric or Sun-Centered Model Copernicus and Galileo- Sun is center of Universe

4. Inner Planets Terrestrial Planets: Smaller, dense Rocky surfaces Closer to Sun Move faster around Sun Have Fewer Moons

5. Mercury Named after the Roman god of travel. Mercury is covered with dust, rocks and craters. It does not have much atmosphere or gravity. A space probe, Mariner 10, flew by Mercury in 1974 and sent back pictures. Mercury is just a little larger than Earth’s Moon. (Diameter: 3,026 miles) Mercury is 57.8 million km away from the sun. Length of Day: 59 Earth Days. Length of Year: 88 Earth Days. Mercury has no Moons or Rings! Mercury has helium and sodium in it’s atmosphere. -292 degrees to 806 degrees

6. Mercury-Faster than a speeding Bullet Closest to the Sun, second-smallest planet. Weak magnetic field suggests an iron core. Has many craters and high cliffs. No true atmosphere,so surface temperatures range from very hot to very cold.

7. Venus Venus is named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty. Venus is the hottest planet.(450 C-475C) Its atmosphere is made up of carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid. The surface of Venus has many tall mountains and volcanoes. In 1975, two space probes landed on Venus and they were both flattened in two hours by the crushing atmosphere. Length of Day: 243 Earth Days. Length of Year: 225 Earth Days. Size: 7,504 miles in diameter.(3 rd smallest) Distance from the sun: 108 million km. Venus has no moons or rings. 869 Degrees

8. Venus-Earth’s Twin Second from the Sun and similar to Earth in size and mass Extremely dense atmosphere of clouds. Carbon Dioxide gas traps solar energy which causes intense greenhouse effect. venus

9. Earth 2/3 or 75% of Earth is covered by water. An Osasis in Space. Earth’s atmosphere is made up of oxygen and nitrogen. A layer of ozone surrounds Earth and protects it from harmful UV rays.(Atmosphere) Earth has one moon(Luna) and no rings. Length of day: 24 hours. Length of year: 365 days. Size: 7,909 miles in diameter. (4 th smallest) Distance from sun: 150 million k m. On average 60 degrees

10. Mars Mars is named after the Roman god of war. Mars is the planet most like Earth. It has mountains, deserts, volcanoes and canyons. The atmosphere is mostly made of Carbon Dioxide. Mars looks red because of the rusty iron in its soil. (red planet) Mars has polar regions covered with frozen CO2 called dry ice and water. (Polar icecap) Mars has 2 moons:Phobos and Deimos and no rings. Length of Day: 25 Earth Hours. Length of Year: About 2 Earth Years. Size: 4,208 miles in Diameter. (2 nd Smallest) Distance from Sun: 227 million km. -184 degrees to 77 degrees

11. Mars Soil shows no evidence of life Has gullies and deposits of soil and rock, which may indicate ground water Atmosphere is mostly carbon dioxide Strong winds caused by differences in temperatures between day and night Is tilted on its axis which causes seasons. Has largest volcano in the solar system

12. The Moons of Mars Phobos and Deimos are small, oddly shaped satellites. Very dark. Surface much like some asteroids Large rocky bodies in space. Scientist think these two moons are asteroids caught by Mar’s gravity.

13. Asteroid Belt Between Inner and Outer Planets Why are they located there? The gravity of Jupiter might have kept a planet from forming in the area where the asteroid belt is located now.

14. Outer Planets Gas Giants Deep, massive atmosphere

15. Jupiter Jupiter is named for the Roman king of the gods. Jupiter is the largest planet at 88,536 miles in diameter. (It could hold 1,300 Earths) It has 67 moons. The largest is bigger than Mercury. Jupiter has 1 ring that is so thin and dark you can hardly see it. Jupiter has a giant red spot that is a huge storm of swirling gases! The atmosphere is made of ammonia, hydrogen, methane and helium. Length of Day: 10 Earth hours. Length of Year: about 12 Earth years. Distance from Sun: 780 million km. -238 degrees

16. Jupiter Below atmosphere, liquid hydrogen and helium are suspected. Solid rocky core may exist below liquid level. The Great Red Spot is the most spectacular of Jupiter’s many constant high pressure gas storms.( 400 years at least)

17. Jupiter-king of the gods Moons-67 Ganymede(larger than Mercury) Callisto Io(most volcanically active body in universe) Europa (liquid below surface) Four largest moons are Called Galilean satellites after Galileo Jupiter gives off more heat than it Receives from the Sun

18. Saturn Named after the Roman god of agriculture. Saturn is surrounded by thousands of rings made of pieces of ice, rock, and dust. Some are as big as a house. Saturn has at least 63 moons. Saturn is made of materials so light it could float in water. The slushy atmosphere is made of poisonous gases and hydrogen and helium.(Thick outer atmosphere) Size: 74,400 miles in diameter. (2 nd largest) Length of Day: 11 Earth hours. Length of Year: 29.5 Earth years. Distance from Sun: 1.5 billion km. -238 degrees

19. Saturn Might have a small, rocky core. Largest moon, Titan, is larger than The planet Mercury. Thick clouds on Titan prevent Scientists from seeing surface.

20. Uranus Named after the earliest supreme god of the Greeks. Uranus looks blue-green because its atmosphere of poisonous methane gas. The axis is tilted so Uranus looks like it’s tilted on its side. Nearly parallel to plan of orbit. Uranus has 27 moons that orbit it. Uranus has about 11 faint rings that appear vertical.(Thick dark rings) Length of Day: 17 Earth hours. Length of Year: about 84 Earth years. Size: 32,116 miles in diameter. (3 rd largest) Distance from Sun: 2.8 billion km. -355 degrees

21. Uranus- The Ice Planet 27 moons- One is Miranda which has a patchwork terrain which indicates that it may have been broken apart and gravity pulled the pieces back together

22. Neptune Named after Roman god of the sea. Neptune looks blue/green atmosphere because of the poisonous gas methane. The white clouds are made of methane ice. Neptune is surrounded by 4 thin, wispy rings. Neptune has at least 13 moons. One moon, named Triton, is thought to have volcanoes. Length of Day: 16 Earth hours. Length of Year: 165 Earth years. Size: 30,690 miles in diameter. (4 th largest) Distance from Sun: 4.5 billion km. -355 degrees

23. Neptune Storms on Neptune reveal an active and rapidly changing atmosphere

24. Kuiper Belt Region where comets exist. The region outside the orbit of Neptune.

25. Pluto god of darkness Rock/Ice five moons: Charon, Hydra, Nix Styx and Kerberos Charon has same period of rotation as Pluto so the same side always faces Oort Cloud(cloud of comets) is outside Pluto and surrounds Solar system

26. Pluto A dwarf planet, occasionally closer To the Sun than Neptune, one Of three dwarf planets in the solar system. Has a thin atmosphere and solid, rocky surface The IAU defined the terms planet and dwarf planet In 2006.

27. Other Dwarf Planets Ceres-within the asteroid belt Eris

28. Oort Cloud Where many scientist think comets originate here. It is a spherical region that surrounds the solar system. When the gravity of a passing planet or star disturbs part of this cloud, comets can be pulled toward the sun.