2. Biology Fall Semester Final Exam Review JEOPARDY S2C06 Jeopardy Review

3. 1.Human Genetics 2. Physiology3. Evolution4. Ecology 5. Immune System 100 200 300 400 500

4. 1. Human Genetics 100 This phenotype is considered the universal donor. A: What is “blood type O” ? S2C06 Jeopardy Review

5. 1. Human Genetics 200 A: What is “homozygous”? A genotype in which both copies of a gene are the same. S2C06 Jeopardy Review

6. 1. Human Genetics 300 A: What is “dominance”? One of Mendel’s basic concepts, the idea that one copy of a gene may completely hide another different copy of a gene. S2C06 Jeopardy Review

7. 1. Human Genetics 400 A: What is a “X C X c ”? The genotype of the female child of a colorblind mother and a non- colorblind father. S2C06 Jeopardy Review

8. 1. Human Genetics 500 A: What is a “nondisjunction” ? This is the term for a mistake in meiosis which can result in offspring receiving either three or only one of a pair of chromosomes S2C06 Jeopardy Review

9. 2. Physiology 100 A: What is “homeostasis” ? This refers to the mechanism that allows an organism to maintain a stable internal environment. S2C06 Jeopardy Review

10. 2. Physiology 200 A: What is “gas exchange ” or“removing CO 2 in exchange for O 2 ” ? These are the to functions of the respiratory system. S2C06 Jeopardy Review

11. 2. Physiology 300 A: What is “amylase” ? It is the enzyme in saliva with the ability to break down starches into sugar S2C06 Jeopardy Review

12. 2. Physiology 400 A: What is “a protein” or “a polypeptide” ? A chain of amino acids S2C06 Jeopardy Review

13. 2. Physiology 500 A: What are “myosin and actin?” Two proteins involved in muscle contraction S2C06 Jeopardy Review

14. 3. Evolution 100 A: What is “phenotype”? Natural selection acts on this, not on genotype. S2C06 Jeopardy Review

15. 2. Evolution 200 A: What is “speciation” ? This process has taken place when two segments of a population have been isolated and have evolved to the point that if brought together, they can no longer reproduce S2C06 Jeopardy Review

16. 3. Evolution 300 A: What is “cladistic analysis”or what is a, “cladogram?” This type of analysis compares individuals degree of relationship based on acquired characteristics. S2C06 Jeopardy Review

17. 3. Evolution 400 A: What is “genetic drift”? This random change in allele frequency can result in decrease in a population’s genetic diversity S2C06 Jeopardy Review

18. 3. Evolution 500 A: What is “recessive”? This condition is required for a fatal gene (that kills the individual before the individual can reproduce) to be passed on to offspring and persist in the gene pool. S2C06 Jeopardy Review

19. 4. Ecology 100 A: What is “photosynthesis”? This is the process producers use to capture energy from the sun by converting carbon dioxide and water into high-energy sugars S2C06 Jeopardy Review

20. 4. Ecology 200 A: What is “emigration” ? S2C06 Jeopardy Review This term refers to members of a population moving out of an area and leaving the gene pool.

21. 4. Ecology 300 A: What are “decomposers”? These organisms consume dead material and return nutrients to the soil S2C06 Jeopardy Review

22. 4. Ecology 400 A: What is “Ecological Succession” ? It’s the gradual change in a local ecosystem where older species are replaced by newer ones, driven by climate and other changes. S2C06 Jeopardy Review

23. 4. Ecology 500 A: What are “producers” or “plants” ? These organisms are the likely source of almost all oxygen gas in the atmosphere. S2C06 Jeopardy Review

24. 5. Immune System 100 A: What are “antibodies”? These proteins bind to viral antigens, often clumping viruses together and marking them for phagocytosis by macrophages. S2C06 Jeopardy Review

25. 5. Immune System 200 A: What is “ a vaccine”or “active immunity”? A patient is given an injection of weakened, or non-dangerous pathogens to prompt an immune response. S2C06 Jeopardy Review

26. 5. Immune System 300 A: What is “passive immunity”? S2C06 Jeopardy Review A patient is given a shot containing antibodies to fight a particular pathogen.

27. 5. Immune System 400 A: What is “the skin”? This can be considered the largest organ in your first line of defense against infection. S2C06 Jeopardy Review

28. 5. Immune System 500 A: What are “B-cells”? These cells release proteins that are able to bind to antigens on particular pathogens S2C06 Jeopardy Review